写一个基于c++17的线程池

以下是一个简单的基于C++17的线程池实现，其中包含任务队列和线程池管理器：

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <functional>

class ThreadPool {
public:
    ThreadPool(size_t numThreads) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < numThreads; ++i) {
            threads.emplace_back([this] {
                for (;;) {
                    std::function<void()> task;
                    {
                        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->queueMutex);
                        this->condition.wait(lock, [this] { return this->stop || !this->tasks.empty(); });
                        if (this->stop && this->tasks.empty()) {
                            return;
                        }
                        task = std::move(this->tasks.front());
                        this->tasks.pop();
                    }
                    task();
                }
            });
        }
    }

    template<typename F, typename... Args>
    auto enqueue(F&& f, Args&&... args) -> std::future<typename std::result_of<F(Args...)>::type> {
        using return_type = typename std::result_of<F(Args...)>::type;

        auto task = std::make_shared<std::packaged_task<return_type()>>(std::bind(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...));

        std::future<return_type> res = task->get_future();
        {
            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queueMutex);

            if (stop) {
                throw std::runtime_error("enqueue on stopped ThreadPool");
            }

            tasks.emplace([task]() { (*task)(); });
        }
        condition.notify_one();
        return res;
    }

    ~ThreadPool() {
        {
            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queueMutex);
            stop = true;
        }
        condition.notify_all();
        for (auto& thread : threads) {
            thread.join();
        }
    }

private:
    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
    std::queue<std::function<void()>> tasks;

    std::mutex queueMutex;
    std::condition_variable condition;
    bool stop = false;
};

使用示例：

ThreadPool pool(4);

auto result = pool.enqueue([](int answer) { return answer; }, 42);

std::cout << "result = " << result.get() << std::endl;

这里我们创建了一个线程池，调用`enqueue()`函数将任务添加到任务队列中，最后使用`std::future`异步获取结果。