c++设计小型企业的员工主要有 4 类：经理、技术员、销售员和计时工。要求存 储员工的工号、姓名、岗位、月工资等基本信息

可以使用面向对象的思想设计一个Employee类，然后派生出经理、技术员、销售员和计时工等子类。每个子类中可以添加特定的属性和方法。例如，经理可能有一个部门属性和管理下属员工的方法，销售员可能有一个销售额属性和计算提成的方法。

以下是一个简单的示例代码：

#include <string>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Employee {
protected:
    int id;
    string name;
    string position;
    float salary;
public:
    Employee(int _id, string _name, string _position, float _salary) :
        id(_id), name(_name), position(_position), salary(_salary) {}
    virtual void display() {
        cout << "ID: " << id << endl;
        cout << "Name: " << name << endl;
        cout << "Position: " << position << endl;
        cout << "Salary: " << salary << endl;
    }
};

class Manager : public Employee {
private:
    string department;
public:
    Manager(int _id, string _name, string _department, float _salary) :
        Employee(_id, _name, "Manager", _salary), department(_department) {}
    void manage() {
        cout << "Managing department " << department << endl;
    }
    void display() {
        Employee::display();
        cout << "Department: " << department << endl;
    }
};

class Technician : public Employee {
private:
    string skill;
public:
    Technician(int _id, string _name, string _skill, float _salary) :
        Employee(_id, _name, "Technician", _salary), skill(_skill) {}
    void fix() {
        cout << "Fixing with " << skill << endl;
    }
    void display() {
        Employee::display();
        cout << "Skill: " << skill << endl;
    }
};

class Salesman : public Employee {
private:
    float sales;
public:
    Salesman(int _id, string _name, float _sales, float _salary) :
        Employee(_id, _name, "Salesman", _salary), sales(_sales) {}
    float getCommission() {
        return sales * 0.1; // 假设提成为销售额的 10%
    }
    void display() {
        Employee::display();
        cout << "Sales: " << sales << endl;
    }
};

class HourlyWorker : public Employee {
private:
    float hours;
public:
    HourlyWorker(int _id, string _name, float _hours, float _salary) :
        Employee(_id, _name, "Hourly Worker", _salary), hours(_hours) {}
    float getPay() {
        return hours * salary; // 小时工的工资为时薪乘以工作时间
    }
    void display() {
        Employee::display();
        cout << "Hours: " << hours << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Employee* e1 = new Manager(1, "John", "Sales", 5000);
    Employee* e2 = new Technician(2, "Mary", "Programming", 4000);
    Employee* e3 = new Salesman(3, "Tom", 10000, 3000);
    Employee* e4 = new HourlyWorker(4, "Alice", 80, 50);

    e1->display();
    e2->display();
    e3->display();
    e4->display();

    delete e1;
    delete e2;
    delete e3;
    delete e4;

    return 0;
}

在这个示例中，我们使用了虚函数和基类指针来实现多态。通过基类指针可以方便地调用子类的方法，而且还可以将不同类型的员工对象存储在同一个数组或容器中，实现更加灵活的管理。