编写使用STM32的ADC模块采集模拟量的代码

以下是基于HAL库的STM32的ADC模块采集模拟量的代码示例：

#include "stm32f4xx_hal.h"

ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc1;

void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_ADC1_Init(void);

int main(void)
{
  /* MCU初始化 */
  HAL_Init();

  /* 系统时钟初始化 */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* GPIO初始化 */
  MX_GPIO_Init();

  /* ADC初始化 */
  MX_ADC1_Init();

  /* 启动ADC */
  HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1);

  uint32_t adcValue = 0;

  while (1)
  {
    /* 获取ADC采样值 */
    if (HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, 100) == HAL_OK)
    {
      adcValue = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);
    }

    /* 处理采样值，例如输出到串口 */
    printf("ADC value: %d\n", adcValue);

    /* 延时 */
    HAL_Delay(500);
  }
}

void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage 
  */
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks 
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

static void MX_ADC1_Init(void)
{
  ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};

  /* 初始化ADC */
  __HAL_RCC_ADC1_CLK_ENABLE();
  hadc1.Instance = ADC1;
  hadc1.Init.ClockPrescaler = ADC_CLOCK_SYNC_PCLK_DIV4;
  hadc1.Init.Resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_12B;
  hadc1.Init.ScanConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc1.Init.ContinuousConvMode = ENABLE;
  hadc1.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_NONE;
  hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
  hadc1.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
  hadc1.Init.NbrOfConversion = 1;
  hadc1.Init.DMAContinuousRequests = DISABLE;
  hadc1.Init.EOCSelection = ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV;
  if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /* 配置ADC通道为PA0 */
  sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_0;
  sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
  sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_3CYCLES;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};

  /* GPIO时钟使能 */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();

  /* 配置GPIO为模拟输入 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}

在上述代码中，我们使用了ADC1模块采集PA0引脚上的模拟信号。在`MX_ADC1_Init()`函数中，我们将ADC通道配置为通道0，并将采样时间设置为3个时钟周期。在`main()`函数中，我们启动ADC并使用`HAL_ADC_PollForConversion()`函数获取采样值。最后，我们将采样值输出到串口，以便调试和分析。