(1)在两个表间建立为维护参照完整性使用的级联删除触发器、级联修改触发器和受限插入触发器。 daima
时间: 2023-12-04 22:07:25 浏览: 118
级联删除触发器:
```
CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
ON table1
AFTER DELETE
AS
BEGIN
DELETE FROM table2
WHERE foreign_key IN (SELECT deleted.primary_key FROM deleted)
END
```
级联修改触发器:
```
CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
ON table1
AFTER UPDATE
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE table2
SET column = inserted.column
FROM table2 INNER JOIN inserted ON table2.foreign_key = inserted.primary_key
END
```
受限插入触发器:
```
CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
ON table1
INSTEAD OF INSERT
AS
BEGIN
IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM inserted WHERE foreign_key IS NULL)
RAISERROR ('Foreign key cannot be null', 16, 1)
ELSE
INSERT INTO table1 (column1, column2)
SELECT column1, column2 FROM inserted
END
```
相关问题
在两个表间建立为维护参照完整性使用的级联删除触发器、级联修改触发器和受限插入触发器。c语言代码
在关系数据库中,级联操作(如删除或修改)是确保数据完整性的关键机制,特别是在两个表之间存在关联的情况下。以下是在SQL中使用触发器来维护引用完整性的三种常见类型:
1. **级联删除触发器(On DELETE CASCADE)**:
当一个表中的记录被删除时,如果该记录在另一个表中有外键引用,那么相关的依赖记录也会自动删除,以防止数据不一致性。例如:
```sql
CREATE TRIGGER delete_customer
AFTER DELETE ON Orders
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
DELETE FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID = OLD.CustomerID;
END;
```
这里,如果一个订单被删除,与之关联的客户也会被删除。
2. **级联修改触发器(On UPDATE CASCADE)**:
类似于删除,当主表中的记录被更新时,如果外键字段也被修改,且修改的新值不再指向任何其他记录,则会尝试将依赖记录的外键更新到新的有效值。没有直接的SQL代码示例,因为这通常涉及到更复杂的业务规则,但可以使用类似的逻辑编写。
3. **受限插入触发器(Restricted Insertion Trigger)**:
用于防止在子表中插入不符合引用完整性规则的数据。例如,不允许插入一个新的订单,除非对应的客户已经存在:
```sql
CREATE TRIGGER insert_order
BEFORE INSERT ON Orders
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF NEW.CustomerID NOT IN (SELECT CustomerID FROM Customers) THEN
SIGNAL SQLSTATE '45000' SET MESSAGE_TEXT = 'Invalid customer ID for order insertion';
END IF;
END;
```
如果试图插入的客户ID不存在,这个触发器会阻止插入并抛出错误。
这些触发器通常在数据库设计阶段设置,并在特定的业务规则下执行。如果你需要在C语言中直接操作数据库触发器,你可能需要使用ODBC或数据库API,但这超出了C语言的直接支持范围,更多地依赖于数据库驱动库或ORM框架。
(1)在两个表间建立为维护参照完整性使用的级联删除触发器、级联修改触发器和受限插入触发器。 使用sql server的语法
建立级联删除触发器:
```
CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
ON table1
AFTER DELETE
AS
BEGIN
DELETE table2
FROM table2
INNER JOIN deleted ON table2.foreign_key = deleted.primary_key
END;
```
建立级联修改触发器:
```
CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
ON table1
AFTER UPDATE
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE table2
SET column_name = inserted.column_name
FROM table2
INNER JOIN inserted ON table2.foreign_key = inserted.primary_key
END;
```
建立受限插入触发器:
```
CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
ON table1
INSTEAD OF INSERT
AS
BEGIN
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM table2 INNER JOIN inserted ON table2.foreign_key = inserted.primary_key)
BEGIN
RAISERROR ('Cannot insert record because of foreign key constraint violation', 16, 1);
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
END
ELSE
BEGIN
INSERT INTO table1 (column1, column2)
SELECT column1, column2 FROM inserted;
END
END;
```
阅读全文