在树莓派中运用四位按键、红黄绿LED灯、光照小球和DHT11温湿度感应器写出一个程序

在树莓派(Raspberry Pi)上，要编写一个程序控制四位按键(Knobs)，红黄绿LED灯(LEDs)，光照传感器(Light Sensor)以及DHT11温湿度感应器，你可以使用Python语言配合GPIO模块。以下是基本的步骤和代码框架：

首先，安装必要的库：

pip install RPi.GPIO adafruit-circuitpython-dht pigpio gpiozero

然后，创建一个Python文件，比如`raspberry_pi_control.py`，并导入所需的库：

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
from gpiozero import Button, LED, DistanceSensor
import Adafruit_DHT
import time

定义GPIO配置，包括按键和LED：

led_red = LED(17)  # 红色LED
led_yellow = LED(18)  # 黄色LED
led_green = LED(27)  # 绿色LED

button1 = Button(4)
button2 = Button(17)
button3 = Button(27)
button4 = Button(22)

# DHT11 GPIO配置
dht11_pin = 4

设置按钮事件监听和LED状态更新：

def button_event(pin):
    if pin == button1:
        print("Button 1 pressed")
        led_red.on()
    elif pin == button2:
        print("Button 2 pressed")
        led_yellow.on()
    elif pin == button3:
        print("Button 3 pressed")
        led_green.on()
    else:
        print("Button 4 pressed")
        led_red.off()
        led_yellow.off()
        led_green.off()

GPIO.setup(button1.pin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)
GPIO.setup(button2.pin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)
GPIO.setup(button3.pin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)
GPIO.setup(button4.pin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)
GPIO.add_event_detect(button1.pin, GPIO.FALLING, callback=button_event)
GPIO.add_event_detect(button2.pin, GPIO.FALLING, callback=button_event)
GPIO.add_event_detect(button3.pin, GPIO.FALLING, callback=button_event)
GPIO.add_event_detect(button4.pin, GPIO.FALLING, callback=button_event)

读取DHT11数据并打印温度和湿度：

def read_dht11():
    humidity, temperature = Adafruit_DHT.read_retry(DHT11, dht11_pin)
    if humidity is not None and temperature is not None:
        print(f"Temperature: {temperature}°C, Humidity: {humidity}%")
    else:
        print("Failed to read from DHT11 sensor.")

while True:
    read_dht11()
    time.sleep(5)  # 每隔5秒读一次DHT11

记得在程序结束前关闭GPIO资源：

def cleanup():
    GPIO.cleanup()

try:
    # 主程序运行部分
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    cleanup()

将上述代码粘贴到`raspberry_pi_control.py`中，并在树莓派上运行。这个程序会监听四个按键，当按键按下时相应的LED亮起；同时定期读取并打印DHT11的温湿度数据。