python的无限小常量
时间: 2024-08-03 08:01:24 浏览: 66
Python并没有内置的“无限小”常量,但它有数学库`math`中的无穷大符号`float('inf')`和负无穷大`float('-inf')`,用于表示非常大的正数和非常小的负数,通常在处理数值运算中的极限情况时会用到。例如:
```python
import math
# 定义无穷大和负无穷大
infinity = float('inf')
negative_infinity = float('-inf')
print(infinity + 1) # 输出 infinity
print(negative_infinity - 1) # 输出 negative infinity
# 用作比较操作
if x > infinity:
print("x is greater than positive infinity")
```
相关问题
贪吃蛇游戏编程实践python
### Python 实现贪吃蛇游戏编程实践教程
#### 准备工作
为了创建贪吃蛇游戏,需要安装Python和Pygame库。确保已安装最新版本的Python,并通过pip工具安装Pygame:
```bash
pip install pygame
```
这一步骤为后续的游戏开发奠定了基础[^1]。
#### 游戏初始化设置
在开始编写主要逻辑之前,先定义一些全局变量并完成基本的游戏窗口设定:
```python
import pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *
# 初始化 Pygame 库
pygame.init()
# 定义颜色常量 (RGB)
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
# 设置屏幕尺寸和其他参数
window_width = 800
window_height = 600
cell_size = 20
# 创建显示窗口
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((window_width, window_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game')
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
```
这段代码完成了必要的导入语句、色彩定义以及窗口大小等配置项的工作[^2]。
#### 蛇类的设计
采用面向对象的方式构建`Snake`类,其中包含了位置更新、方向控制等功能方法:
```python
class Snake(object):
def __init__(self):
self.positions = [(100, 100)] # 初始坐标列表
self.direction = RIGHT # 默认向右移动
self.length = 1 # 长度属性
def get_head_position(self):
return self.positions[0]
def turn(self, point):
if self.length > 1 and (point[0]*-1, point[1]*-1) == self.direction:
return
else:
self.direction = point
def move(self):
cur = self.get_head_position()
x,y = self.direction
new = (((cur[0]+(x*cell_size))%window_width), (cur[1]+(y*cell_size))%window_height)
if len(self.positions) > 2 and new in self.positions[2:]:
reset_game() # 自杀条件判断
else:
self.positions.insert(0,new)
if len(self.positions) > self.length:
self.positions.pop()
def reset_game():
global snake
snake = Snake()
```
此部分实现了蛇身结构及其运动机制的核心功能。
#### 主循环与事件监听
最后,在主函数中加入无限循环来持续刷新画面帧数,并响应用户的键盘输入改变蛇的方向:
```python
snake = Snake()
run = True
while run:
clock.tick(15) # 控制速度
screen.fill(black) # 填充背景色
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
if event.key == K_UP or event.key == ord('w'):
snake.turn(UP)
elif event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == ord('s'):
snake.turn(DOWN)
elif event.key == K_LEFT or event.key == ord('a'):
snake.turn(LEFT)
elif event.key == K_RIGHT or event.key == ord('d'):
snake.turn(RIGHT)
snake.move()
draw_objects(screen, snake) # 绘制物体到屏幕上
pygame.display.update() # 更新整个待显示Surface对象的一部分至显示器上
```
上述代码片段展示了如何利用Pygame框架搭建起完整的贪吃蛇游戏操作流程。
用Python写一个贪吃蛇的代码
### 回答1:
可以的,以下是一个简单的贪吃蛇游戏代码示例:
```python
import pygame
import random
# 初始化pygame
pygame.init()
# 定义窗口大小和标题
SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT = 640, 480
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇")
# 定义颜色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
# 定义常量
BLOCK_SIZE = 20 # 每个方块大小
SPEED = 5 # 蛇的速度
FONT = pygame.font.Font(None, 50) # 字体
# 定义蛇
class Snake:
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.body = []
self.body.append((x, y))
def move(self, x, y):
self.body.insert(0, (x, y))
self.body.pop()
def draw(self):
for block in self.body:
pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, [block[0], block[1], BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE])
# 定义食物
class Food:
def __init__(self):
self.x, self.y = random.randint(0, SCREEN_WIDTH-BLOCK_SIZE), random.randint(0, SCREEN_HEIGHT-BLOCK_SIZE)
def draw(self):
pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, [self.x, self.y, BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE])
# 初始化蛇和食物
snake = Snake(0, 0)
food = Food()
# 定义游戏结束函数
def game_over():
text = FONT.render("Game Over!", True, RED)
screen.blit(text, (SCREEN_WIDTH/2-100, SCREEN_HEIGHT/2-25))
# 游戏循环
running = True
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
while running:
# 处理事件
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
snake.move(snake.body[0][0], snake.body[0][1]-BLOCK_SIZE)
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
snake.move(snake.body[0][0], snake.body[0][1]+BLOCK_SIZE)
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
snake.move(snake.body[0][0]-BLOCK_SIZE, snake.body[0][1])
elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
snake.move(snake.body[0][0]+BLOCK_SIZE, snake.body[0][1])
# 游戏逻辑
if snake.body[0][0] < 0 or snake.body[0][0] >= SCREEN_WIDTH or snake.body[0][1] < 0 or snake.body[0][1] >= SCREEN_HEIGHT:
game_over()
elif snake.body[0] == (food.x, food.y):
snake.move(food.x, food.y)
food = Food()
else:
for block in snake.body[1:]:
if block == snake.body[0]:
game_over()
snake.move(snake.body[0][0]+SPEED, snake.body[0][1])
# 游戏渲染
screen.fill(BLACK)
snake.draw()
food.draw()
pygame.display.flip()
clock.tick(60)
# 退出pygame
pygame.quit()
```
以上就是一个简单的贪吃蛇游戏代码,希望能对您有所帮助。
### 回答2:
贪吃蛇是一个经典的游戏,在Python中可以使用turtle模块来实现。以下是一个简单的贪吃蛇游戏代码的示例:
```python
import turtle
import random
# 设置游戏区域大小和单位方格大小
screen_width = 600
screen_height = 600
grid_size = 20
# 初始化蛇的初始位置和初始方向
snake_pos = [(0, 0), (-20, 0), (-40, 0)]
snake_direction = "Right"
# 随机生成食物的位置
food_pos = (random.randint(-14, 14) * grid_size, random.randint(-14, 14) * grid_size)
# 创建画布和画笔
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.setup(screen_width, screen_height)
screen.title("贪吃蛇")
screen.bgcolor("black")
screen.tracer(0)
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.speed(0)
pen.color("white")
pen.penup()
pen.hideturtle()
# 画出游戏区域
def draw_grid():
for x in range(-screen_width//2, screen_width//2, grid_size):
pen.goto(x, -screen_height//2)
pen.pendown()
pen.goto(x, screen_height//2)
pen.penup()
for y in range(-screen_height//2, screen_height//2, grid_size):
pen.goto(-screen_width//2, y)
pen.pendown()
pen.goto(screen_width//2, y)
pen.penup()
# 画出蛇的形状
def draw_snake():
for pos in snake_pos:
x, y = pos
pen.goto(x, y)
pen.pendown()
pen.stamp()
pen.penup()
# 画出食物
def draw_food():
x, y = food_pos
pen.goto(x, y)
pen.pendown()
pen.stamp()
pen.penup()
# 移动蛇
def move():
global snake_direction
x, y = snake_pos[0]
if snake_direction == "Up":
y += grid_size
elif snake_direction == "Down":
y -= grid_size
elif snake_direction == "Left":
x -= grid_size
elif snake_direction == "Right":
x += grid_size
snake_pos.insert(0, (x, y))
snake_pos.pop()
# 改变蛇的方向
def change_direction(direction):
global snake_direction
if direction == "Up" and snake_direction != "Down":
snake_direction = "Up"
elif direction == "Down" and snake_direction != "Up":
snake_direction = "Down"
elif direction == "Left" and snake_direction != "Right":
snake_direction = "Left"
elif direction == "Right" and snake_direction != "Left":
snake_direction = "Right"
# 检查是否吃到食物
def check_food_collision():
global food_pos
if snake_pos[0] == food_pos:
x = random.randint(-14, 14) * grid_size
y = random.randint(-14, 14) * grid_size
food_pos = (x, y)
snake_pos.append((0, 0))
# 检查是否撞墙或撞自己
def check_collision():
x, y = snake_pos[0]
if abs(x) >= screen_width//2 or abs(y) >= screen_height//2 or snake_pos[0] in snake_pos[1:]:
return True
return False
# 主循环
while True:
screen.update()
# 移动蛇
move()
# 检查是否吃到食物
check_food_collision()
# 检查是否撞墙或撞自己
if check_collision():
screen.reset()
break
# 清空画布
pen.clear()
# 重新绘制游戏元素
draw_grid()
draw_snake()
draw_food()
# 监听键盘事件
screen.listen()
screen.onkeypress(lambda: change_direction("Up"), "Up")
screen.onkeypress(lambda: change_direction("Down"), "Down")
screen.onkeypress(lambda: change_direction("Left"), "Left")
screen.onkeypress(lambda: change_direction("Right"), "Right")
turtle.done()
```
这个代码使用turtle模块创建了一个画布,将贪吃蛇和食物绘制在画布上,并通过监听键盘事件来控制蛇的移动方向。贪吃蛇的移动和碰撞检测等功能在主循环中实现。当蛇撞墙或撞到自己时,游戏结束。整个游戏采用无限循环策略,只有在游戏结束时才会退出。
### 回答3:
贪吃蛇是一个经典的游戏,下面是一个用Python编写的简单贪吃蛇代码示例。
```python
import pygame
import sys
import random
# 初始化
pygame.init()
# 设置游戏窗口大小
window_size = (400, 400)
window = pygame.display.set_mode(window_size)
pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇")
# 定义颜色
white = (255, 255, 255)
green = (0, 255, 0)
black = (0, 0, 0)
# 定义贪吃蛇坐标和方向
snake_head = [200, 200]
snake_body = [[200, 200], [190, 200], [180, 200]]
direction = "RIGHT"
# 定义食物坐标
food_pos = [random.randrange(1, 40)*10, random.randrange(1, 40)*10]
food_spawn = True
# 定义游戏时钟
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
# 定义游戏结束函数
def game_over():
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
# 游戏循环
while True:
# 处理游戏事件
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
game_over()
# 监听键盘事件
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
for key in keys:
if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
direction = "LEFT"
elif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
direction = "RIGHT"
elif keys[pygame.K_UP]:
direction = "UP"
elif keys[pygame.K_DOWN]:
direction = "DOWN"
# 移动蛇头
if direction == "LEFT":
snake_head[0] -= 10
elif direction == "RIGHT":
snake_head[0] += 10
elif direction == "UP":
snake_head[1] -= 10
elif direction == "DOWN":
snake_head[1] += 10
# 增加蛇身
snake_body.insert(0, list(snake_head))
if snake_head[0] == food_pos[0] and snake_head[1] == food_pos[1]:
food_spawn = False
else:
snake_body.pop()
# 生成食物
if not food_spawn:
food_pos = [random.randrange(1, 40)*10, random.randrange(1, 40)*10]
food_spawn = True
# 绘制游戏界面
window.fill(black)
for pos in snake_body:
pygame.draw.rect(window, green, pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 10, 10))
pygame.draw.rect(window, white, pygame.Rect(food_pos[0], food_pos[1], 10, 10))
# 检查游戏结束条件
if snake_head[0] < 0 or snake_head[0] >= 400 or snake_head[1] < 0 or snake_head[1] >= 400:
game_over()
for block in snake_body[1:]:
if snake_head[0] == block[0] and snake_head[1] == block[1]:
game_over()
# 刷新游戏界面
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(10)
```
这个代码使用了pygame库来实现游戏界面的绘制和处理事件。游戏窗口大小为400x400,贪吃蛇的身体使用一个列表来表示,每个元素是蛇身的一个方块,通过改变蛇头的坐标和方向来移动贪吃蛇。游戏界面的绘制使用pygame的图形绘制函数,食物的位置随机生成,贪吃蛇碰到食物时增加身体长度。游戏结束的条件是贪吃蛇碰到边界或者碰到自己的身体。游戏界面会以每秒10帧的速度刷新,通过监听键盘事件来改变贪吃蛇的运动方向。如果要终止游戏,可以点击窗口的关闭按钮。
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