使用C++实现俄罗斯方块

俄罗斯方块是一款经典的游戏，使用C++实现它可以帮助我们更好地理解游戏开发的基本原理。下面是一个简单的俄罗斯方块的实现示例：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <conio.h>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;

const int BOARD_WIDTH = 20; // 游戏区域宽度
const int BOARD_HEIGHT = 20; // 游戏区域高度
const int BLOCK_SIZE = 2; // 方块大小

const char BLOCK_CHAR = '#'; // 方块字符
const char BORDER_CHAR = '*'; // 边框字符
const char BLANK_CHAR = ' '; // 空白字符

// 游戏区域
char board[BOARD_HEIGHT][BOARD_WIDTH];

// 当前方块
int currentBlock[4][4];

// 当前方块位置
int currentX = 0;
int currentY = 0;

// 随机生成下一个方块
void generateNextBlock() {
    srand(time(NULL));
    int type = rand() % 7;
    switch(type) {
        case 0:
            currentBlock[0][0] = 1;
            currentBlock[0][1] = 1;
            currentBlock[1][0] = 1;
            currentBlock[1][1] = 1;
            break;
        case 1:
            currentBlock[0][0] = 1;
            currentBlock[1][0] = 1;
            currentBlock[2][0] = 1;
            currentBlock[3][0] = 1;
            break;
        case 2:
            currentBlock[0][1] = 1;
            currentBlock[1][1] = 1;
            currentBlock[2][0] = 1;
            currentBlock[2][1] = 1;
            break;
        case 3:
            currentBlock[0][0] = 1;
            currentBlock[1][0] = 1;
            currentBlock[1][1] = 1;
            currentBlock[2][1] = 1;
            break;
        case 4:
            currentBlock[0][1] = 1;
            currentBlock[1][0] = 1;
            currentBlock[1][1] = 1;
            currentBlock[2][0] = 1;
            break;
        case 5:
            currentBlock[0][0] = 1;
            currentBlock[1][0] = 1;
            currentBlock[1][1] = 1;
            currentBlock[2][0] = 1;
            break;
        case 6:
            currentBlock[0][0] = 1;
            currentBlock[1][0] = 1;
            currentBlock[2][0] = 1;
            currentBlock[2][1] = 1;
            break;
    }
}

// 检查当前方块是否可以放置在指定位置
bool checkBlock(int x, int y) {
    for (int i = 0; i < BLOCK_SIZE; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < BLOCK_SIZE; j++) {
            if (currentBlock[i][j] == 1) {
                if (y + j >= BOARD_WIDTH || y + j < 0 || x + i >= BOARD_HEIGHT || x + i < 0 || board[x + i][y + j] == BLOCK_CHAR) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return true;
}

// 将当前方块放置在指定位置
void placeBlock(int x, int y) {
    for (int i = 0; i < BLOCK_SIZE; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < BLOCK_SIZE; j++) {
            if (currentBlock[i][j] == 1) {
                board[x + i][y + j] = BLOCK_CHAR;
            }
        }
    }
}

// 移除当前方块
void removeBlock(int x, int y) {
    for (int i = 0; i < BLOCK_SIZE; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < BLOCK_SIZE; j++) {
            if (currentBlock[i][j] == 1) {
                board[x + i][y + j] = BLANK_CHAR;
            }
        }
    }
}

// 清除整行
void clearLine(int line) {
    for (int i = line; i > 0; i--) {
        for (int j = 0; j < BOARD_WIDTH; j++) {
            board[i][j] = board[i - 1][j];
        }
    }
    for (int j = 0; j < BOARD_WIDTH; j++) {
        board[0][j] = BLANK_CHAR;
    }
}

// 检查是否有可以清除的行
void checkLines() {
    for (int i = 0; i < BOARD_HEIGHT; i++) {
        bool full = true;
        for (int j = 0; j < BOARD_WIDTH; j++) {
            if (board[i][j] == BLANK_CHAR) {
                full = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (full) {
            clearLine(i);
        }
    }
}

// 绘制游戏区域
void drawBoard() {
    system("cls");
    for (int i = 0; i < BOARD_HEIGHT; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < BOARD_WIDTH; j++) {
            if (i == 0 || i == BOARD_HEIGHT - 1 || j == 0 || j == BOARD_WIDTH - 1) {
                cout << BORDER_CHAR;
            } else {
                cout << board[i][j];
            }
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
}

// 游戏循环
void gameLoop() {
    generateNextBlock();
    while (true) {
        if (_kbhit()) {
            char ch = _getch();
            if (ch == 'a') {
                if (checkBlock(currentX, currentY - 1)) {
                    removeBlock(currentX, currentY);
                    currentY--;
                    placeBlock(currentX, currentY);
                }
            } else if (ch == 'd') {
                if (checkBlock(currentX, currentY + 1)) {
                    removeBlock(currentX, currentY);
                    currentY++;
                    placeBlock(currentX, currentY);
                }
            } else if (ch == 's') {
                if (checkBlock(currentX + 1, currentY)) {
                    removeBlock(currentX, currentY);
                    currentX++;
                    placeBlock(currentX, currentY);
                }
            } else if (ch == 'w') {
                int temp[4][4];
                for (int i = 0; i < BLOCK_SIZE; i++) {
                    for (int j = 0; j < BLOCK_SIZE; j++) {
                        temp[i][j] = currentBlock[BLOCK_SIZE - j - 1][i];
                    }
                }
                int x = currentX;
                int y = currentY;
                removeBlock(x, y);
                for (int i = 0; i < BLOCK_SIZE; i++) {
                    for (int j = 0; j < BLOCK_SIZE; j++) {
                        currentBlock[i][j] = temp[i][j];
                    }
                }
                if (!checkBlock(x, y)) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < BLOCK_SIZE; i++) {
                        for (int j = 0; j < BLOCK_SIZE; j++) {
                            currentBlock[i][j] = temp[BLOCK_SIZE - j - 1][i];
                        }
                    }
                }
                placeBlock(currentX, currentY);
            }
        }
        if (!checkBlock(currentX + 1, currentY)) {
            placeBlock(currentX, currentY);
            checkLines();
            generateNextBlock();
            if (!checkBlock(currentX, currentY)) {
                break;
            }
        } else {
            removeBlock(currentX, currentY);
            currentX++;
            placeBlock(currentX, currentY);
        }
        drawBoard();
        Sleep(100);
    }
    cout << "Game Over!" << endl;
}

int main() {
    // 初始化游戏区域
    for (int i = 0; i < BOARD_HEIGHT; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < BOARD_WIDTH; j++) {
            if (i == 0 || i == BOARD_HEIGHT - 1 || j == 0 || j == BOARD_WIDTH - 1) {
                board[i][j] = BORDER_CHAR;
            } else {
                board[i][j] = BLANK_CHAR;
            }
        }
    }
    gameLoop();
    return 0;
}

这个程序使用了`conio.h`和`windows.h`头文件，其中`_kbhit`函数用于检查是否有键盘输入，`_getch`函数用于获取键盘输入。`Sleep`函数用于暂停一段时间，以控制游戏速度。`generateNextBlock`函数用于随机生成下一个方块，`checkBlock`函数用于检查当前方块是否可以放置在指定位置，`placeBlock`函数用于将当前方块放置在指定位置，`removeBlock`函数用于移除当前方块，`clearLine`函数用于清除整行，`checkLines`函数用于检查是否有可以清除的行，`drawBoard`函数用于绘制游戏区域，`gameLoop`函数用于游戏循环。在游戏循环中，我们先检查是否有键盘输入，并根据输入调整当前方块的位置或旋转方向。如果当前方块不能再向下移动，就将其放置在指定位置，并检查是否有可以清除的行。如果有可以清除的行，就清除它们。然后我们随机生成下一个方块，并检查是否还能放置当前方块，如果不能就结束游戏。最后我们绘制游戏区域，并暂停一段时间，以控制游戏速度。

这只是一个简单的俄罗斯方块的实现示例，还有很多可以改进的地方。例如可以添加分数、等级、音效等元素，以增加游戏体验。