采用C++语言编写代码，数据结构用链表类完成，教职工信息管理系统，基本要求： 定义教职工（employee ）类，其中至少包括姓名、性别、工号、联系电话、所在学院、系和学历。 功能要求： 1、设计菜单实现功能选择； 2、输入功能：输入职工信息，并保存到文件中； 3、查询功能： 1）能够根据工号精确查询职工信息； 2）能够根据姓名、学院、系、学历各项信息查询职工信息； 3）分系进行学历统计，计算各学历的人数； 4、根据教职工的学历排序输出； 5、根据工号修改职工信息； 6、根据工号删除职工信息； 7、所有的增加、修改、删除能同步到文件；也从文件读取数据到程序。

以下是使用链表类实现的教职工信息管理系统的代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

// 定义教职工类
class Employee {
private:
    string name;  // 姓名
    string gender;  // 性别
    string id;  // 工号
    string phone;  // 联系电话
    string college;  // 所在学院
    string department;  // 系
    string education;  // 学历
public:
    // 构造函数
    Employee(string _name = "", string _gender = "", string _id = "",
             string _phone = "", string _college = "", string _department = "",
             string _education = "") {
        name = _name;
        gender = _gender;
        id = _id;
        phone = _phone;
        college = _college;
        department = _department;
        education = _education;
    }
    // 获取姓名
    const string& getName() const {
        return name;
    }
    // 获取工号
    const string& getId() const {
        return id;
    }
    // 获取学历
    const string& getEducation() const {
        return education;
    }
    // 打印教职工信息
    void printInfo() const {
        cout << "姓名：" << name << endl;
        cout << "性别：" << gender << endl;
        cout << "工号：" << id << endl;
        cout << "联系电话：" << phone << endl;
        cout << "所在学院：" << college << endl;
        cout << "系：" << department << endl;
        cout << "学历：" << education << endl;
    }
};

// 定义链表节点类
class Node {
public:
    Employee data;  // 教职工信息
    Node* next;  // 指向下一个节点的指针
    // 构造函数
    Node(const Employee& _data = Employee(), Node* _next = nullptr) {
        data = _data;
        next = _next;
    }
};

// 定义链表类
class LinkedList {
private:
    Node* head;  // 链表头指针
public:
    // 构造函数
    LinkedList() {
        head = new Node();
    }
    // 析构函数
    ~LinkedList() {
        Node* p = head;
        while (p != nullptr) {
            Node* q = p->next;
            delete p;
            p = q;
        }
    }
    // 添加节点
    void addNode(const Employee& data) {
        Node* p = head;
        while (p->next != nullptr) {
            p = p->next;
        }
        p->next = new Node(data);
    }
    // 删除节点
    void deleteNode(const string& id) {
        Node* p = head;
        while (p->next != nullptr && p->next->data.getId() != id) {
            p = p->next;
        }
        if (p->next != nullptr) {
            Node* q = p->next;
            p->next = q->next;
            delete q;
        }
    }
    // 修改节点
    void modifyNode(const string& id) {
        Node* p = head->next;
        while (p != nullptr && p->data.getId() != id) {
            p = p->next;
        }
        if (p != nullptr) {
            cout << "请输入新的教职工信息：" << endl;
            string name, gender, phone, college, department, education;
            cout << "姓名：";
            cin >> name;
            cout << "性别：";
            cin >> gender;
            cout << "联系电话：";
            cin >> phone;
            cout << "所在学院：";
            cin >> college;
            cout << "系：";
            cin >> department;
            cout << "学历：";
            cin >> education;
            p->data = Employee(name, gender, id, phone, college, department, education);
        }
    }
    // 查找节点
    void searchNode() {
        int choice;
        cout << "请选择查找方式：" << endl;
        cout << "1. 工号" << endl;
        cout << "2. 姓名" << endl;
        cout << "3. 学院" << endl;
        cout << "4. 系" << endl;
        cout << "5. 学历" << endl;
        cin >> choice;
        Node* p = head->next;
        int count = 0;  // 统计符合条件的教职工数量
        switch (choice) {
        case 1: {  // 根据工号查找
            string id;
            cout << "请输入工号：";
            cin >> id;
            while (p != nullptr) {
                if (p->data.getId() == id) {
                    p->data.printInfo();
                    count++;
                }
                p = p->next;
            }
            break;
        }
        case 2: {  // 根据姓名查找
            string name;
            cout << "请输入姓名：";
            cin >> name;
            while (p != nullptr) {
                if (p->data.getName() == name) {
                    p->data.printInfo();
                    count++;
                }
                p = p->next;
            }
            break;
        }
        case 3: {  // 根据学院查找
            string college;
            cout << "请输入学院：";
            cin >> college;
            while (p != nullptr) {
                if (p->data.getCollege() == college) {
                    p->data.printInfo();
                    count++;
                }
                p = p->next;
            }
            break;
        }
        case 4: {  // 根据系查找
            string department;
            cout << "请输入系：";
            cin >> department;
            while (p != nullptr) {
                if (p->data.getDepartment() == department) {
                    p->data.printInfo();
                    count++;
                }
                p = p->next;
            }
            break;
        }
        case 5: {  // 根据学历查找
            string education;
            cout << "请输入学历：";
            cin >> education;
            while (p != nullptr) {
                if (p->data.getEducation() == education) {
                    p->data.printInfo();
                    count++;
                }
                p = p->next;
            }
            break;
        }
        default:
            break;
        }
        if (count == 0) {
            cout << "没有符合条件的教职工！" << endl;
        }
    }
    // 统计学历人数
    void countEducation() {
        Node* p = head->next;
        int bachelorCount = 0, masterCount = 0, doctoralCount = 0;
        while (p != nullptr) {
            if (p->data.getEducation() == "本科") {
                bachelorCount++;
            } else if (p->data.getEducation() == "硕士") {
                masterCount++;
            } else if (p->data.getEducation() == "博士") {
                doctoralCount++;
            }
            p = p->next;
        }
        cout << "本科：" << bachelorCount << endl;
        cout << "硕士：" << masterCount << endl;
        cout << "博士：" << doctoralCount << endl;
    }
    // 根据学历排序输出
    void sortByEducation() {
        Node* p = head->next;
        int length = 0;
        while (p != nullptr) {
            length++;
            p = p->next;
        }
        Employee* arr = new Employee[length];
        p = head->next;
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            arr[i] = p->data;
            p = p->next;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < length - 1; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < length - i - 1; j++) {
                if (arr[j].getEducation() > arr[j + 1].getEducation()) {
                    Employee temp = arr[j];
                    arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
                    arr[j + 1] = temp;
                }
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            arr[i].printInfo();
        }
        delete[] arr;
    }
    // 从文件中读取数据
    void readFromFile() {
        ifstream fin("employee.txt");
        string name, gender, id, phone, college, department, education;
        while (fin >> name >> gender >> id >> phone >> college >> department >> education) {
            addNode(Employee(name, gender, id, phone, college, department, education));
        }
        fin.close();
    }
    // 将数据写入文件
    void writeToFile() {
        ofstream fout("employee.txt");
        Node* p = head->next;
        while (p != nullptr) {
            fout << p->data.getName() << " " << p->data.getGender() << " " << p->data.getId() << " "
                << p->data.getPhone() << " " << p->data.getCollege() << " " << p->data.getDepartment() << " "
                << p->data.getEducation() << endl;
            p = p->next;
        }
        fout.close();
    }
};

// 显示菜单
void showMenu() {
    cout << "欢迎使用教职工信息管理系统！" << endl;
    cout << "1. 输入教职工信息" << endl;
    cout << "2. 查询教职工信息" << endl;
    cout << "3. 统计学历人数" << endl;
    cout << "4. 根据学历排序输出" << endl;
    cout << "5. 修改教职工信息" << endl;
    cout << "6. 删除教职工信息" << endl;
    cout << "0. 退出系统" << endl;
}

int main() {
    LinkedList list;
    list.readFromFile();  // 从文件中读取数据
    int choice;
    do {
        showMenu();
        cout << "请选择功能：";
        cin >> choice;
        switch (choice) {
        case 1: {  // 输入教职工信息
            string name, gender, id, phone, college, department, education;
            cout << "请输入教职工信息：" << endl;
            cout << "姓名：";
            cin >> name;
            cout << "性别：";
            cin >> gender;
            cout << "工号：";
            cin >> id;
            cout << "联系电话：";
            cin >> phone;
            cout << "所在学院：";
            cin >> college;
            cout << "系：";
            cin >> department;
            cout << "学历：";
            cin >> education;
            list.addNode(Employee(name, gender, id, phone, college, department, education));
            list.writeToFile();  // 将数据写入文件
            break;
        }
        case 2: {  // 查询教职工信息
            list.searchNode();
            break;
        }
        case 3: {  // 统计学历人数
            list.countEducation();
            break;
        }
        case 4: {  // 根据学历排序输出
            list.sortByEducation();
            break;
        }
        case 5: {  // 修改教职工信息
            string id;
            cout << "请输入要修改的教职工工号：";
            cin >> id;
            list.modifyNode(id);
            list.writeToFile();  // 将数据写入文件
            break;
        }
        case 6: {  // 删除教职工信息
            string id;
            cout << "请输入要删除的教职工工号：";
            cin >> id;
            list.deleteNode(id);
            list.writeToFile();  // 将数据写入文件
            break;
        }
        case 0:
            cout << "退出系统！" << endl;
            break;
        default:
            cout << "输入有误，请重新输入！" << endl;
            break;
        }
    } while (choice != 0);

    return 0;
}

注意：在使用链表类时，需要注意内存泄漏的问题，即在链表类的析构函数中释放链表节点的内存。同时，需要实现从文件中读取数据和将数据写入文件的功能，以便实现数据的持久化。