Write following TCP algorithms: Reliable sending Reliable receiving Flow control Congestion control

1. Reliable sending algorithm:
The reliable sending algorithm ensures that the data transmitted over the network is received by the receiver without any errors or loss. This is achieved by using mechanisms such as sequence numbers, acknowledgment messages, and retransmission of lost packets. The sender sends packets with a unique sequence number, and the receiver sends an acknowledgment message for every received packet. If the sender does not receive an acknowledgment message for a specific packet, it retransmits the packet.

2. Reliable receiving algorithm:
The reliable receiving algorithm ensures that the data received by the receiver is correct and in the correct order. This is achieved by using mechanisms such as sequence numbers and acknowledgment messages. The receiver checks the sequence number of each received packet and sends an acknowledgment message for each packet. If a packet is received out of order, the receiver stores it until all the previous packets are received, and then it sends a cumulative acknowledgment message.

3. Flow control algorithm:
The flow control algorithm ensures that the sender does not overwhelm the receiver with too much data. This is achieved by using mechanisms such as window size and acknowledgment messages. The receiver sends a window size to the sender, which indicates the maximum number of packets that the sender can send before receiving an acknowledgment message. The sender adjusts its transmission rate based on the window size received from the receiver.

4. Congestion control algorithm:
The congestion control algorithm ensures that the network is not overloaded with too much traffic. This is achieved by using mechanisms such as slow start, congestion avoidance, and fast retransmit. In the slow start phase, the sender gradually increases its transmission rate until it reaches the maximum window size. In the congestion avoidance phase, the sender increases its transmission rate more slowly to avoid overloading the network. If the sender receives multiple duplicate acknowledgment messages, it assumes that a packet has been lost, and it performs fast retransmit to retransmit the lost packet immediately.