import tkinter as tk import csv import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from tkinter import filedialog from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg root = tk.Tk() root.title("数据科学基础") root.geometry("800x600") font = ("楷体", 16) root.option_add("*Font", font) root.configure(bg="pink") def import_csv_data(): global file_path, df, txt_data file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename() df = pd.read_csv(file_path) top_5 = df.head() txt_data.delete('1.0', tk.END) txt_data.insert(tk.END, top_5) label2 = tk.Label(root, text="请选择要显示的图像：") label2.pack(side="left") button1 = tk.Button(root, text="散点图") button1.pack(side="left") button2 = tk.Button(root, text="折线图") button2.pack(side="left") button3 = tk.Button(root, text="柱状图") button3.pack(side="left") fig_container = tk.Frame(root) fig_container.pack() def show_figure(): x = df.iloc[:, 0] y = df.iloc[:, 1] if plt.fignum_exists(1): plt.clf() # 清空画布 if button1["state"] == "normal": plt.scatter(x, y) elif button2["state"] == "normal": plt.plot(x, y) elif button3["state"] == "normal": plt.bar(x, y) canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(plt.gcf(), master=fig_container) canvas.draw() canvas.get_tk_widget().pack() button1.config(command=lambda: (button1.config(state="disabled"), button2.config(state="normal"), button3.config(state="normal"), show_figure())) button2.config(command=lambda: (button2.config(state="disabled"), button1.config(state="normal"), button3.config(state="normal"), show_figure())) button3.config(command=lambda: (button3.config(state="disabled"), button1.config(state="normal"), button2.config(state="normal"), show_figure())) btn_import = tk.Button(root,text="导入CSV文件",command=import_csv_data) btn_import.pack() txt_data = tk.Text(root) txt_data.pack() btn_show_figure = tk.Button(root, text="显示图像", command=lambda: (button1.config(state="normal"), button2.config(state="normal"), button3.config(state="normal"))) btn_show_figure.pack() root.mainloop()如何修改代码实现对界面右侧实现滑动上下拉动界面的功能

要实现界面右侧实现滑动上下拉动界面的功能，可以将图像框架 fig_container 放在一个滚动框架中，并将滚动框架的大小和位置与图像框架相同。可以使用 tkinter 中的 Scrollbar 和 Canvas 实现滚动框架。以下是修改后的代码：

import tkinter as tk 
import csv 
import pandas as pd 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from tkinter import filedialog 
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg 

root = tk.Tk() 
root.title("数据科学基础") 
root.geometry("800x600") 
font = ("楷体", 16) 
root.option_add("*Font", font) 
root.configure(bg="pink") 

def import_csv_data(): 
    global file_path, df, txt_data 
    file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename() 
    df = pd.read_csv(file_path) 
    top_5 = df.head() 
    txt_data.delete('1.0', tk.END) 
    txt_data.insert(tk.END, top_5) 

label2 = tk.Label(root, text="请选择要显示的图像：") 
label2.pack(side="left") 

button1 = tk.Button(root, text="散点图") 
button1.pack(side="left") 

button2 = tk.Button(root, text="折线图") 
button2.pack(side="left") 

button3 = tk.Button(root, text="柱状图") 
button3.pack(side="left") 

fig_container = tk.Frame(root) 
fig_container.pack(side="right", fill="both", expand=True) 

# 添加滚动框架
canvas = tk.Canvas(fig_container)
canvas.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)

scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(fig_container, orient="vertical", command=canvas.yview)
scrollbar.pack(side="right", fill="y")

canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
canvas.bind("<Configure>", lambda e: canvas.configure(scrollregion=canvas.bbox("all")))

# 将图像框架放入滚动框架中
frame = tk.Frame(canvas)
canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=frame, anchor="nw")

def show_figure(): 
    x = df.iloc[:, 0] 
    y = df.iloc[:, 1] 

    if plt.fignum_exists(1): 
        plt.clf() # 清空画布 

    if button1["state"] == "normal": 
        plt.scatter(x, y) 
    elif button2["state"] == "normal": 
        plt.plot(x, y) 
    elif button3["state"] == "normal": 
        plt.bar(x, y) 

    # 将图像框架放在滚动框架中
    canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(plt.gcf(), master=frame) 
    canvas.draw() 
    canvas.get_tk_widget().pack() 

button1.config(command=lambda: (button1.config(state="disabled"), button2.config(state="normal"), button3.config(state="normal"), show_figure())) 
button2.config(command=lambda: (button2.config(state="disabled"), button1.config(state="normal"), button3.config(state="normal"), show_figure())) 
button3.config(command=lambda: (button3.config(state="disabled"), button1.config(state="normal"), button2.config(state="normal"), show_figure())) 

btn_import = tk.Button(root,text="导入CSV文件",command=import_csv_data) 
btn_import.pack() 

txt_data = tk.Text(root) 
txt_data.pack() 

btn_show_figure = tk.Button(root, text="显示图像", command=lambda: (button1.config(state="normal"), button2.config(state="normal"), button3.config(state="normal"))) 
btn_show_figure.pack() 

root.mainloop()

其中，滚动框架的大小和位置由以下代码控制：

fig_container = tk.Frame(root) 
fig_container.pack(side="right", fill="both", expand=True) 

# 添加滚动框架
canvas = tk.Canvas(fig_container)
canvas.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)

scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(fig_container, orient="vertical", command=canvas.yview)
scrollbar.pack(side="right", fill="y")

canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
canvas.bind("<Configure>", lambda e: canvas.configure(scrollregion=canvas.bbox("all")))

# 将图像框架放入滚动框架中
frame = tk.Frame(canvas)
canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=frame, anchor="nw")

其中，fig_container 是图像框架所在的框架，canvas 是滚动框架，scrollbar 是滚动条。在 canvas 上添加滚动条和图像框架。通过 canvas.create_window() 将图像框架放入滚动框架中。通过 lambda 函数绑定 canvas 的 <Configure> 事件，使滚动框架可以根据图像框架的大小自动调整。