crosstab() missing 1 required positional argument: 'columns'

The error "crosstab() missing 1 required positional argument: 'columns'" occurs when the crosstab() function is called without specifying the "columns" parameter.

The crosstab() function is used to compute a cross-tabulation of two or more factors. It takes two or more arrays, dataframes or Series objects and returns a new dataframe that shows the frequency distribution of the variables.

To fix the error, make sure to specify the "columns" parameter when calling the crosstab() function. For example:

import pandas as pd

# create sample data
data = {'Gender': ['Male', 'Male', 'Female', 'Female', 'Male'],
        'Age': ['18-24', '25-34', '35-44', '45-54', '55+'],
        'Income': ['<50k', '<50k', '50-100k', '50-100k', '>100k']}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# compute crosstabulation
pd.crosstab(df['Gender'], [df['Age'], df['Income']])

Output:

Age     18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55+
Income  <50k  <50k  50-100k 50-100k >100k
Gender                              
Female     0     0      1      1     0
Male       1     1      0      0     1