preds = np.zeros((x.shape[0],w.shape[1]), dtype=int)

This line of code initializes a numpy array "preds" with dimensions (number of rows in x, number of columns in w) and data type integer. All elements in the array are set to zero.

This array is likely used to store the predicted values of a model, where each row represents a data point and each column represents a class label. The values in the array would be updated based on the model's predictions for each data point.