vectorAssembler = VectorAssembler(inputCols = ['_c1', '_c2','_c3'], outputCol = 'features')

这是一个使用Spark的VectorAssembler将三列数据（_c1、_c2和_c3）合并为一个向量列（features）的操作。具体来说，它将每一行的_c1、_c2和_c3三个值组成一个向量，存储到名为“features”的新列中。这通常用于将多个特征合并为一个特征向量，以便进行机器学习的训练或预测。

相关问题

[Row(_c0='番茄', _c1=1, _c2=5, _c3=2, features=DenseVector([1.0, 5.0, 2.0]), prediction=3.0117888847657923)]

这是一个DataFrame中的一行数据，包含四个列：_c0、_c1、_c2、_c3。其中_c0的值为“番茄”，_c1的值为1，_c2的值为5，_c3的值为2。此外，它还有一个features列，其中包含了一个DenseVector对象，这个对象包含了三个元素，分别为1.0、5.0、2.0。最后一个列是prediction，它的值为3.0117888847657923。

mask R_CNN实现各部分代码

Mask R-CNN 是一种基于 Faster R-CNN 的目标检测和实例分割的算法，主要由以下几部分组成：

1. Backbone 网络：通常采用 ResNet 或者 ResNeXt 等深度卷积神经网络作为基础网络，用于特征提取。

2. RPN 网络：Region Proposal Network，用于生成候选区域。

3. ROI Align 操作：将不同大小的候选区域映射到固定大小的特征图上。

4. Mask Head 网络：用于实例分割，生成每个物体实例的掩模。

下面是 Mask R-CNN 的主要代码实现：

1. Backbone 网络：使用 ResNet50 作为基础网络，代码如下：

import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision.models.resnet as resnet

class ResNet50Backbone(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(ResNet50Backbone, self).__init__()

        resnet50 = resnet.resnet50(pretrained=True)
        self.conv1 = resnet50.conv1
        self.bn1 = resnet50.bn1
        self.relu = resnet50.relu
        self.maxpool = resnet50.maxpool
        self.layer1 = resnet50.layer1
        self.layer2 = resnet50.layer2
        self.layer3 = resnet50.layer3
        self.layer4 = resnet50.layer4
        self.out_channels = 2048

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv1(x)
        x = self.bn1(x)
        x = self.relu(x)
        x = self.maxpool(x)
        c1 = self.layer1(x)
        c2 = self.layer2(c1)
        c3 = self.layer3(c2)
        c4 = self.layer4(c3)
        return [c1, c2, c3, c4]

2. RPN 网络：使用 Pytorch 内置的 Conv2d 和 nn.ModuleList 实现，代码如下：

import torch.nn.functional as F

class RPN(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, num_anchors):
        super(RPN, self).__init__()

        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, in_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
        self.cls_logits = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, num_anchors, kernel_size=1, stride=1)
        self.bbox_pred = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, num_anchors * 4, kernel_size=1, stride=1)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = F.relu(self.conv(x))
        logits = self.cls_logits(x)
        bbox_pred = self.bbox_pred(x)
        return logits, bbox_pred

3. ROI Align 操作：使用 Pytorch 内置的 nn.AdaptiveMaxPool2d 实现，代码如下：

import torch.nn.functional as F

class RoIAlign(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, output_size, spatial_scale):
        super(RoIAlign, self).__init__()

        self.output_size = output_size
        self.spatial_scale = spatial_scale

    def forward(self, features, rois):
        x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max = rois.chunk(4, dim=1)
        h = (y_max - y_min + 1) * self.spatial_scale
        w = (x_max - x_min + 1) * self.spatial_scale
        image_height, image_width = features.shape[-2:]

        # Normalize coordinates to [0, h or w]
        x_min = x_min / image_width * w
        y_min = y_min / image_height * h
        x_max = x_max / image_width * w
        y_max = y_max / image_height * h

        # Compute bin sizes
        bin_size_h = h / self.output_size[0]
        bin_size_w = w / self.output_size[1]

        # Compute grid of bin indices
        grid_y = torch.linspace(0, self.output_size[0] - 1, self.output_size[0]).to(rois.device)
        grid_x = torch.linspace(0, self.output_size[1] - 1, self.output_size[1]).to(rois.device)
        grid_y, grid_x = torch.meshgrid(grid_y, grid_x)

        # Compute centers of each bin
        grid_y = grid_y * bin_size_h + y_min
        grid_x = grid_x * bin_size_w + x_min

        # Reshape grid to (N, H*W, 2)
        grid = torch.stack([grid_x, grid_y], dim=-1).reshape(-1, 2)

        # Sample features using bilinear interpolation
        features = F.grid_sample(features, grid.view(1, self.output_size[0] * self.output_size[1], 2), align_corners=False)
        features = features.reshape(-1, *self.output_size, features.shape[-1])
        return features

4. Mask Head 网络：使用 Pytorch 内置的 Conv2d 和 nn.ModuleList 实现，代码如下：

class MaskHead(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels):
        super(MaskHead, self).__init__()

        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, in_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, in_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
        self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, in_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
        self.conv4 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, in_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
        self.conv5 = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels, in_channels // 2, kernel_size=2, stride=2)
        self.conv6 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels // 2, 1, kernel_size=1, stride=1)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = F.relu(self.conv1(x))
        x = F.relu(self.conv2(x))
        x = F.relu(self.conv3(x))
        x = F.relu(self.conv4(x))
        x = F.relu(self.conv5(x))
        x = torch.sigmoid(self.conv6(x))
        return x