python卷积神经网络预测

卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network，CNN）是一种常用于图像处理和计算机视觉任务的深度学习模型。Python提供了多个库和框架来构建和训练CNN模型，其中最流行的是TensorFlow和PyTorch。

下面是一个简单的Python代码示例，演示如何使用PyTorch库构建和训练一个CNN模型来进行图像分类预测：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
import torchvision
import torchvision.transforms as transforms

# 定义CNN模型
class CNN(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CNN, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 16, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU()
        self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)
        self.fc = nn.Linear(16 * 8 * 8, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv1(x)
        x = self.relu(x)
        x = self.pool(x)
        x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)
        x = self.fc(x)
        return x

# 加载和预处理数据
transform = transforms.Compose(
    [transforms.ToTensor(),
     transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))])

trainset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root='./data', train=True,
                                        download=True, transform=transform)
trainloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(trainset, batch_size=4,
                                          shuffle=True, num_workers=2)

# 初始化模型和优化器
net = CNN()
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.001, momentum=0.9)

# 训练模型
for epoch in range(2):
    running_loss = 0.0
    for i, data in enumerate(trainloader, 0):
        inputs, labels = data

        optimizer.zero_grad()

        outputs = net(inputs)
        loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        running_loss += loss.item()
        if i % 2000 == 1999:
            print('[%d, %5d] loss: %.3f' %
                  (epoch + 1, i + 1, running_loss / 2000))
            running_loss = 0.0

print('Finished Training')

# 使用训练好的模型进行预测
testset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root='./data', train=False,
                                       download=True, transform=transform)
testloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(testset, batch_size=4,
                                         shuffle=False, num_workers=2)

classes = ('plane', 'car', 'bird', 'cat',
           'deer', 'dog', 'frog', 'horse', 'ship', 'truck')

net.eval()  # 设置为评估模式
correct = 0
total = 0
with torch.no_grad():
    for data in testloader:
        images, labels = data
        outputs = net(images)
        _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
        total += labels.size(0)
        correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()

print('Accuracy of the network on the 10000 test images: %d %%' % (
    100 * correct / total))

这段代码使用了PyTorch库来构建一个简单的CNN模型，并使用CIFAR-10数据集进行训练和测试。在训练过程中，模型通过反向传播算法来更新权重，以最小化损失函数。在测试过程中，模型使用训练好的权重来预测图像的类别，并计算准确率。