UUID json.dumps()

### 如何使用 `pickle.dumps` 处理 UUID 对象

为了序列化和反序列化 UUID 对象，可以采用 Python 的 `pickle` 模块。下面展示了具体方法：

#### 导入所需库

import uuid
import pickle

创建一个新的 UUID 实例作为例子：

unique_id = uuid.uuid4()
print(f"原始UUID: {unique_id}")

使用 `.dumps()` 方法来序列化这个 UUID 对象到字节流中：

serialized_uuid = pickle.dumps(unique_id)
print(f"已序列化的UUID: {serialized_uuid}")

要恢复原来的 UUID 对象，则可以通过 `.loads()` 函数实现：

deserialized_uuid = pickle.loads(serialized_uuid)
print(f"反序列化后的UUID: {deserialized_uuid}")

验证序列化前后两个 UUID 是否相等：

if unique_id == deserialized_uuid:
    print("成功地进行了序列化与反序列化操作")
else:
    print("失败了")

上述过程说明了如何通过 `pickle` 来保存并读取 UUID 数据[^2]。

相关问题

把这段代码转化为python代码（package service import ( "encoding/json" "errors" "fmt" "gin-syudy/api/device/req" "gin-syudy/define" "gin-syudy/models" "gin-syudy/mqtt" "gin-syudy/tools/resp" "gin-syudy/utils" mq "github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.golang" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" "log" "net/http" "strconv" "time" ) // DeviceController 控制设备 // @BasePath /api/v1 // @Description 启动对应设备 // @Tags 启动设备 // @param identity query string false "Identity" // @param controllerId query string false "controllerId" // @param controlState query string false "controlState" // @Success 200 {object} resp.Response "{"code":200,"data":[...]}" // @Failure 502 {object} resp.Response "{"code":502,"data":[...]}" // @Router /api/v1/device/start [Post] func DeviceController(c *gin.Context) { device := new(models.DeviceBasic) write := new(mqtt.Write) device.Identity = c.Query("identity") id, _ := strconv.Atoi(c.Query("controllerId")) fmt.Println(id) state, _ := strconv.Atoi(c.Query("controllerState")) fmt.Println(state) write.Id = uint32(id) write.State = uint32(state) if device.Identity == "" { resp.RespFail(c, http.StatusBadGateway, errors.New("必填参数为空"), resp.FoundFail) return } deviceBasic := device.GetTopicByIdentity() subTopic := "Device/" + deviceBasic.ItemName + "/" + deviceBasic.BridgeName + "/control" + deviceBasic.Secret fmt.Println(subTopic) sendTopic := "Host/" + deviceBasic.ItemName + "/" + deviceBasic.BridgeName + "/control" + deviceBasic.Secret fmt.Println(sendTopic) dataChan := make(chan *mqtt.StartDataResp, 1) mqtt.SubscribeMessage(subTopic, func(client mq.Client, message mq.Message) { fmt.Printf("MESSAGE : %s\n", message.Payload()) fmt.Printf("TOPIC : %s\n", message.Topic()) subscribeStartData := new(mqtt.StartDataResp) err := json.Unmarshal(message.Payload(), &subscribeStartData) if err != nil { resp.RespFail(c, http.StatusBadGateway, err, "回调函数格式不正确") return } dataChan <- subscribeStartData }) startData := new(mqtt.StartData) startData.SampTime = time.Now().String() startData.CommandID = utils.GetUUid() startData.Write = write data, _ := json.Marshal(startData) err := mqtt.SendMessage(sendTopic, data) if err != nil { resp.RespFail(c, http.StatusBadGateway, err, resp.FoundFail) return } responseMessage := <-dataChan err, _ = mqtt.Unsubscribe(sendTopic) if err != nil { resp.RespFail(c, http.StatusBadGateway, err, "取消订阅失败") return } resp.RespOK(c, responseMessage, "控制成功") }）

以下是将给定的 Go 代码翻译为 Python 的代码：

import json
import logging
import time
from http import HTTPStatus

import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
from flask import jsonify, request

from service.models import DeviceBasic
from service.mqtt import SendMessage, SubscribeMessage, Unsubscribe
from service.tools.resp import RespFail, RespOK
from service.utils import GetUUid

# DeviceController
# 控制设备
# @BasePath /api/v1
# @Description 启动对应设备
# @Tags 启动设备
# @param identity query string false "Identity"
# @param controllerId query string false "controllerId"
# @param controlState query string false "controlState"
# @Success 200 {object} resp.Response "{"code":200,"data":[...]}"
# @Failure 502 {object} resp.Response "{"code":502,"data":[...]}"
# @Router /api/v1/device/start [Post]
def DeviceController():
    device = DeviceBasic()
    device.identity = request.args.get('identity', '')
    id = int(request.args.get('controllerId', 0))
    logging.debug(f"id: {id}")
    state = int(request.args.get('controllerState', 0))
    logging.debug(f"state: {state}")

    write = Write()
    write.id = id
    write.state = state

    if not device.identity:
        RespFail(HTTPStatus.BAD_GATEWAY, errors=["必填参数为空"])
        return

    deviceBasic = device.GetTopicByIdentity()
    subTopic = f"Device/{deviceBasic.ItemName}/{deviceBasic.BridgeName}/control{deviceBasic.Secret}"
    logging.debug(f"subTopic: {subTopic}")
    sendTopic = f"Host/{deviceBasic.ItemName}/{deviceBasic.BridgeName}/control{deviceBasic.Secret}"
    logging.debug(f"sendTopic: {sendTopic}")

    dataChan = []
    def on_message(client, userdata, message):
        logging.debug(f"MESSAGE : {message.payload}")
        logging.debug(f"TOPIC : {message.topic}")
        subscribeStartData = mqtt.StartDataResp()
        try:
            subscribeStartData = json.loads(message.payload)
        except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
            RespFail(HTTPStatus.BAD_GATEWAY, errors=[f"回调函数格式不正确: {str(e)}"])
            return
        dataChan.append(subscribeStartData)

    mqtt.SubscribeMessage(subTopic, on_message)

    startData = mqtt.StartData()
    startData.SampTime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
    startData.CommandID = GetUUid()
    startData.Write = write
    data = json.dumps(startData, default=lambda obj: obj.__dict__, ensure_ascii=False)
    err = SendMessage(sendTopic, data.encode())
    if err:
        RespFail(HTTPStatus.BAD_GATEWAY, errors=[err])
        return

    responseMessage = dataChan[0]
    err = Unsubscribe(sendTopic)
    if err:
        RespFail(HTTPStatus.BAD_GATEWAY, errors=[f"取消订阅失败: {err}"])
        return

    RespOK(responseMessage, message="控制成功")

from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager import uuid class UserManager(BaseUserManager): def create_user(self, username, password=None, **extra_fields): user = self.model(username=username, **extra_fields) user.set_password(password) user.save(using=self._db) return user def create_superuser(self, username, password=None, **extra_fields): extra_fields['is_staff'] = True extra_fields['is_superuser'] = True return self.create_user( username, password, **extra_fields) class User(AbstractBaseUser): id = models.CharField(primary_key=True,max_length=255, default=uuid.uuid4,unique=True) uid = models.CharField(max_length=19, default=uuid.uuid4().hex[:19] ,unique=True) publicKey = models.CharField(max_length=4096, default="",unique=True) username = models.CharField(max_length=16, unique=True) password = models.CharField(max_length=128) signature = models.CharField(max_length=50,default="") avatar = models.ImageField(upload_to='avatars',default="avatars/default.png") phone_number = models.CharField(max_length=11,default="") registerTime = models.IntegerField(default=0) is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True) is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=True) is_superuser = models.BooleanField(default=True) objects = UserManager() USERNAME_FIELD = 'username' REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['uid']报错TypeError: Object of type User is not JSON serializable

这个报错是因为你尝试将一个 User 对象序列化为 JSON 格式，但是 User 对象不是可直接序列化的。

要解决这个问题，你可以通过在 User 模型类中添加一个 `to_json` 方法来自定义对象的序列化逻辑。下面是一个示例：

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
import uuid
import json

class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
    # ...

class User(AbstractBaseUser):
    # ...

    def to_json(self):
        user_dict = {
            'id': str(self.id),
            'uid': self.uid,
            'publicKey': self.publicKey,
            'username': self.username,
            'signature': self.signature,
            'avatar': str(self.avatar),
            'phone_number': self.phone_number,
            'registerTime': self.registerTime,
            'is_active': self.is_active,
            'is_staff': self.is_staff,
            'is_superuser': self.is_superuser
        }
        return json.dumps(user_dict)

    # ...

在 `to_json` 方法中，我们将 User 对象的各个属性转换为一个 Python 字典，并使用 `json.dumps()` 方法将字典转换为 JSON 字符串。

这样，你就可以通过调用 `to_json()` 方法来将 User 对象转换为可序列化的 JSON 格式。

另外，记得在视图函数或其他需要返回 JSON 格式数据的地方，调用 `to_json()` 方法并将其返回。