matplotlib在子图外侧添加指北针和比例尺
时间: 2024-12-12 11:27:21 浏览: 8
在Matplotlib中,添加指北针和比例尺通常用于地图或地理相关的图表,以帮助读者理解数据的空间分布。这两个元素可以使用`Basemap`库(现在已集成到`cartopy`库中)结合其他工具来创建。以下是基本步骤:
1. 首先,安装`cartopy`库(如果你还没有安装):
```
pip install cartopy
```
2. 使用`Basemap`或`cartopy`创建地图,并添加经纬度网格线作为指北针的基本框架:
```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, projection='mercator')
# 初始化地图并设置边界
m = Basemap(llcrnrlon=-180, llcrnrlat=-90, urcrnrlon=180, urcrnrlat=90)
# 绘制地图边界、纬度和经度网格线
m.drawmapboundary(fill_color='white')
parallels = np.arange(-90., 90., 30.)
meridians = np.arange(-180., 180., 60.)
m.drawparallels(parallels, labels=[True, False, True, False])
m.drawmeridians(meridians, labels=[False, True, False, True])
```
3. 添加指北针(compass rose):
```python
from cartopy.mpl.gridliner import LONGITUDE_FORMATTER, LATITUDE_FORMATTER
from cartopy.feature import NODATA
m.drawcoastlines(linewidth=0.5, color=NODATA)
m.fillcontinents(color=NODATA, lake_color=NODATA)
# 创建指南针玫瑰
compass = m.scatter([0], [0], c='k', s=50, markerfacecolor='w', zorder=4)
gridlines = m.gridlines(crs=m.crs, linewidth=0.5, draw_labels=False)
gridlines.xlabels_top = False
gridlines.ylabels_right = False
```
4. 添加比例尺(scale bar):
```python
from cartopy.mpl.ticker import FixedLocator
from cartopy.util import add_directional_math_text
# 定义比例尺长度和位置
scale_bar_length = 10 # in degrees
location = (0.05, 0.9) # bottom left corner of the figure
# 根据地图投影计算实际长度
scale_bar_degrees = m.transform_point(scale_bar_length, 0, 0)[0]
# 添加比例尺刻度
ax.plot(m(x=location[0], y=location[1]), m(y=location[1], x=location[0] + scale_bar_degrees), transform=ax.transAxes, color='black', linewidth=1, clip_on=False)
ax.text(location[0]+0.5*scale_bar_degrees, location[1], f"{scale_bar_length:.0f}°", ha='center', va='bottom', transform=ax.transAxes)
# 添加箭头和文字
add_directional_math_text(ax, location, scale_bar_degrees, rotation='vertical', direction="S", fontsize=8, text_offset=(0.01, 0.07), clip_on=False)
```
5. 最后,显示图像:
```python
plt.show()
```
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