基于Python的二代居民身份证号码识别系统

基于Python的二代居民身份证号码识别系统可以使用OpenCV和Tesseract OCR库实现。以下是一个简单的实现步骤：

1. 安装OpenCV和Tesseract OCR库。

2. 使用OpenCV读取身份证照片并进行预处理，包括图像增强、二值化、去噪等操作。

import cv2

# 读取身份证照片
img = cv2.imread('id_card.jpg')

# 灰度化
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

# 图像增强
enhanced = cv2.equalizeHist(gray)

# 二值化
_, thresh = cv2.threshold(enhanced, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV + cv2.THRESH_OTSU)

# 去噪
kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3))
cleaned = cv2.morphologyEx(thresh, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)

3. 使用OpenCV进行身份证号码区域的定位和提取。

# 身份证号码区域的定位
contours, _ = cv2.findContours(cleaned, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
rects = [cv2.boundingRect(cnt) for cnt in contours]

# 身份证号码区域的提取
id_num_rect = rects[2]
id_num_img = cleaned[id_num_rect[1]:id_num_rect[1] + id_num_rect[3], id_num_rect[0]:id_num_rect[0] + id_num_rect[2]]

4. 使用Tesseract OCR库进行身份证号码的识别。

import pytesseract

# 身份证号码的识别
id_num = pytesseract.image_to_string(id_num_img, lang='chi_sim')

完整代码如下：

import cv2
import pytesseract

# 读取身份证照片
img = cv2.imread('id_card.jpg')

# 灰度化
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

# 图像增强
enhanced = cv2.equalizeHist(gray)

# 二值化
_, thresh = cv2.threshold(enhanced, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV + cv2.THRESH_OTSU)

# 去噪
kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3))
cleaned = cv2.morphologyEx(thresh, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)

# 身份证号码区域的定位
contours, _ = cv2.findContours(cleaned, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
rects = [cv2.boundingRect(cnt) for cnt in contours]

# 身份证号码区域的提取
id_num_rect = rects[2]
id_num_img = cleaned[id_num_rect[1]:id_num_rect[1] + id_num_rect[3], id_num_rect[0]:id_num_rect[0] + id_num_rect[2]]

# 身份证号码的识别
id_num = pytesseract.image_to_string(id_num_img, lang='chi_sim')

# 输出识别结果
print('身份证号码：', id_num)

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