springboot 集成 quartz 定时任务 Job类中注入的bean为null 的具体解决办法及代码

当在 Job 类中注入 Spring Bean 时，需要使用 Spring 提供的 JobFactory 来创建 Job 实例，这样 Job 类中的 Bean 才能被正确注入。具体实现步骤如下：

1. 创建一个实现了 Spring 的 JobFactory 接口的类，用于创建 Job 实例。

import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerContext;
import org.quartz.spi.JobFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory implements JobFactory {

    @Autowired
    private ApplicationContext context;

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public Job newJob(TriggerFiredBundle bundle, Scheduler scheduler) throws SchedulerException {
        final Job job = (Job) context.getBean(bundle.getJobDetail().getJobClass());
        final SchedulerContext schedulerContext = scheduler.getContext();
        schedulerContext.put("applicationContext", context);
        return job;
    }
}

2. 在 Quartz 配置中注册 JobFactory，如下所示：

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX;
import org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.PostgreSQLDelegate;
import org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate;
import org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCJobStore;
import org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.oracle.OracleDelegate;
import org.quartz.spi.JobFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;

@Configuration
public class QuartzConfig {

    @Autowired
    private Environment env;

    @Bean
    public JobFactory jobFactory(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory jobFactory = new AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory();
        jobFactory.setApplicationContext(applicationContext);
        return jobFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    public Scheduler scheduler(Trigger[] triggers, @Qualifier("quartzDataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws SchedulerException {
        StdSchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
        factory.initialize(quartzProperties());
        Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler();
        scheduler.setJobFactory(jobFactory);
        scheduler.setDataSource(dataSource);
        scheduler.setQuartzProperties(quartzProperties());
        scheduler.start();
        for (Trigger trigger : triggers) {
            scheduler.scheduleJob(trigger.getJobDetail(), trigger);
        }
        return scheduler;
    }

    @Bean
    public JobDetail jobDetail() {
        return JobBuilder.newJob().ofType(MyJob.class)
                .storeDurably().withIdentity("MyJob").withDescription("Invoke My Job service...").build();
    }

    @Bean
    public Trigger trigger(JobDetail job) {
        return TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().forJob(job)
                .withIdentity("MyJobTrigger").withDescription("My Job trigger").withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(env.getProperty("myjob.cron.expression"))).build();
    }

    @Bean
    public Properties quartzProperties() {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty(StdSchedulerFactory.PROP_SCHED_INSTANCE_NAME, env.getProperty("scheduler.instance.name"));
        properties.setProperty(StdSchedulerFactory.PROP_SCHED_INSTANCE_ID, env.getProperty("scheduler.instance.id"));
        properties.setProperty(StdSchedulerFactory.PROP_THREAD_POOL_CLASS, env.getProperty("scheduler.threadPool.class"));
        properties.setProperty(StdSchedulerFactory.PROP_THREAD_POOL_THREAD_COUNT, env.getProperty("scheduler.threadPool.threadCount"));
        properties.setProperty(StdSchedulerFactory.PROP_JOB_STORE_CLASS, env.getProperty("scheduler.jobStore.class"));
        properties.setProperty(StdSchedulerFactory.PROP_JOB_STORE_DRIVER_DELEGATE_CLASS, env.getProperty("scheduler.jobStore.driverDelegateClass"));
        properties.setProperty(StdSchedulerFactory.PROP_JOB_STORE_USE_PROPERTIES, env.getProperty("scheduler.jobStore.useProperties"));
        properties.setProperty(StdSchedulerFactory.PROP_JOB_STORE_DATASOURCE, env.getProperty("scheduler.jobStore.dataSource"));
        properties.setProperty(StdSchedulerFactory.PROP_JOB_STORE_TABLE_PREFIX, env.getProperty("scheduler.jobStore.tablePrefix"));
        properties.setProperty(StdSchedulerFactory.PROP_JOB_STORE_IS_CLUSTERED, env.getProperty("scheduler.jobStore.isClustered"));
        properties.setProperty(StdSchedulerFactory.PROP_JOB_STORE_CLUSTER_CHECKIN_INTERVAL, env.getProperty("scheduler.jobStore.clusterCheckinInterval"));
        properties.setProperty(StdSchedulerFactory.PROP_JOB_STORE_MAX_MISFIRES_TO_HANDLE_AT_A_TIME, env.getProperty("scheduler.jobStore.maxMisfiresToHandleAtATime"));
        properties.setProperty(StdSchedulerFactory.PROP_JOB_STORE_MISFIRE_THRESHOLD, env.getProperty("scheduler.jobStore.misfireThreshold"));
        return properties;
    }
}

3. 在 Job 类中注入 Bean，如下所示：

import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class MyJob implements Job {

    @Autowired
    private MyService myService;

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = (ApplicationContext) context.getScheduler().getContext().get("applicationContext");
        applicationContext.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory().autowireBean(this);
        myService.doSomething();
    }
}

通过这种方式，就可以在 Quartz 的 Job 类中注入 Spring Bean。