51单片机spi读写sd扇区代码
时间: 2023-07-23 17:41:25 浏览: 146
以下是51单片机通过SPI读写SD卡扇区的代码:
```c
#include <reg52.h>
#include <intrins.h>
#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned int
// 定义SD卡命令
#define CMD0 0x40
#define CMD8 0x48
#define CMD17 0x51
#define CMD24 0x58
#define CMD55 0x77
#define ACMD41 0x69
// 定义SD卡错误码
#define SD_OK 0x00
#define SD_IDLE_STATE 0x01
#define SD_CRC_ERROR 0x02
#define SD_DATA_ERROR 0x03
#define SD_CMD_ERROR 0x04
#define SD_TIMEOUT_ERROR 0x05
// 定义SD卡返回的数据标志
#define SD_DATA_TOKEN 0xFE
// 定义SD卡SPI模式下的命令标志
#define SD_SPI_MODE 0x40
// 定义SD卡等待超时时间
#define SD_TIMEOUT 0xFF
// 定义SD卡块大小
#define SD_BLOCK_SIZE 512
// 定义SPI时钟频率
#define SPI_CLOCK_FREQ 1000000UL
// 定义SPI通信延时函数
#define SPI_DELAY() _nop_()
// 定义SPI发送数据函数
void spi_send_byte(uchar dat)
{
uchar i;
for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
if(dat & 0x80)
MOSI = 1;
else
MOSI = 0;
dat <<= 1;
SCK = 1;
SPI_DELAY();
SCK = 0;
SPI_DELAY();
}
}
// 定义SPI接收数据函数
uchar spi_receive_byte()
{
uchar i, dat = 0;
for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
SCK = 1;
SPI_DELAY();
dat <<= 1;
if(MISO)
dat |= 0x01;
SCK = 0;
SPI_DELAY();
}
return dat;
}
// 定义等待SD卡响应函数
uchar wait_sd_response()
{
uint wait_count = 0;
uchar response = 0xFF;
while(response == 0xFF && wait_count < SD_TIMEOUT)
{
response = spi_receive_byte();
wait_count++;
}
if(wait_count >= SD_TIMEOUT)
return SD_TIMEOUT_ERROR;
else
return response;
}
// 定义发送SD卡命令函数
uchar send_sd_command(uchar cmd, uint arg, uchar crc)
{
uchar response;
// 启动SD卡的SPI模式
CS = 0;
spi_send_byte(SD_SPI_MODE | cmd);
spi_send_byte(arg >> 24);
spi_send_byte(arg >> 16);
spi_send_byte(arg >> 8);
spi_send_byte(arg);
spi_send_byte(crc);
// 等待SD卡响应
response = wait_sd_response();
// 关闭SD卡的SPI模式
CS = 1;
return response;
}
// 定义初始化SD卡函数
uchar init_sd_card()
{
uint i, response;
// 等待SD卡上电完成
for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
spi_send_byte(0xFF);
// 发送CMD0命令,进入IDLE状态
response = send_sd_command(CMD0, 0, 0x95);
if(response != SD_IDLE_STATE)
return SD_CMD_ERROR;
// 发送CMD8命令,检查SD卡是否支持高容量
response = send_sd_command(CMD8, 0x1AA, 0x87);
if(response == SD_IDLE_STATE)
{
// SDv2卡,继续执行初始化
for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
response = spi_receive_byte();
if(response != 0xAA)
return SD_CMD_ERROR;
}
else if(response == SD_CMD_ERROR)
{
// SDv1卡,继续执行初始化
}
else
return SD_CMD_ERROR;
// 发送ACMD41命令,激活SD卡
while(1)
{
response = send_sd_command(CMD55, 0, 0);
if(response != 0x01)
return SD_CMD_ERROR;
response = send_sd_command(ACMD41, 0x40000000, 0);
if(response == 0)
break;
if(response != SD_IDLE_STATE)
return SD_CMD_ERROR;
}
// 发送CMD16命令,设置SD卡块大小为512字节
response = send_sd_command(CMD16, SD_BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
if(response != 0)
return SD_CMD_ERROR;
// 初始化完成
return SD_OK;
}
// 定义读取SD卡扇区函数
uchar read_sd_sector(uchar *buffer, uint sector)
{
uint i, response;
// 发送CMD17命令,读取扇区数据
response = send_sd_command(CMD17, sector * SD_BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
if(response != 0)
return response;
// 等待SD卡响应
response = wait_sd_response();
if(response != SD_DATA_TOKEN)
return SD_DATA_ERROR;
// 读取扇区数据
for(i = 0; i < SD_BLOCK_SIZE; i++)
buffer[i] = spi_receive_byte();
// 读取CRC校验码
spi_receive_byte();
spi_receive_byte();
// 读取完成
return SD_OK;
}
// 定义写入SD卡扇区函数
uchar write_sd_sector(uchar *buffer, uint sector)
{
uint i, response;
// 发送CMD24命令,写入扇区数据
response = send_sd_command(CMD24, sector * SD_BLOCK_SIZE, 0);
if(response != 0)
return response;
// 发送数据标志
spi_send_byte(SD_DATA_TOKEN);
// 发送扇区数据
for(i = 0; i < SD_BLOCK_SIZE; i++)
spi_send_byte(buffer[i]);
// 发送CRC校验码
spi_send_byte(0xFF);
spi_send_byte(0xFF);
// 等待SD卡响应
response = wait_sd_response();
if((response & 0x1F) != 0x05)
return SD_DATA_ERROR;
while(!spi_receive_byte());
// 写入完成
return SD_OK;
}
void main()
{
uchar buffer[SD_BLOCK_SIZE];
uint i;
init_sd_card();
read_sd_sector(buffer, 0);
for(i = 0; i < SD_BLOCK_SIZE; i++)
putchar(buffer[i]);
write_sd_sector(buffer, 1);
while(1);
}
```
这是一个简单的读取SD卡第0个扇区数据并将其输出,然后将一个缓冲区中的数据写入SD卡第1个扇区的例子。在使用时,需要根据实际情况修改SD卡的SPI接口引脚、SPI时钟频率、SD卡块大小等参数。
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