Sorry, user user1 is not allowed to execute '/bin/cat /etc/shadow' as root on localhost.localdomain.

这个错误是因为你试图用一个普通用户的权限执行一个只有root用户才能执行的命令。如果你确实需要查看 `/etc/shadow` 文件，你可以使用 `sudo` 命令来提升权限，例如：`sudo cat /etc/shadow`。当然，这需要你拥有sudo权限。如果你没有sudo权限，你需要联系系统管理员或者root用户来执行这个命令。注意，`/etc/shadow` 文件包含着系统用户的密码信息，如果你没有必要的权限和目的，不要随意查看和修改该文件。

相关问题

Sorry, user xiaonannan is not allowed to execute '/bin/su' as root on engine-1.

As an AI language model, I don't have the ability to grant or revoke access privileges to execute commands on a machine. It seems like you are trying to switch to the root user using the 'su' command, but you don't have the necessary permissions to do so. You may need to either log in as the root user or use the 'sudo' command with appropriate privileges to execute the desired command.

Sorry, user xiaonannan is not allowed to execute '/bin/su' as root on engine-1.是什么错误

这个错误提示意味着用户 xiaonannan 没有权限以 root 用户身份执行 `/bin/su` 命令。一般来说，只有超级用户才能切换到 root 用户。你可以尝试使用其他命令，如 `sudo` 或者 `su -` 来获取 root 用户权限。如果你不是系统管理员，则需要联系管理员为你授权相应的权限。