口腔专业的英文文献 15000字符左右

Oral health is an important aspect of overall health and well-being. The oral cavity is home to a diverse microbiome that plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health. However, dysbiosis of the oral microbiome can lead to various oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontitis, and oral cancer. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in the field of oral microbiome research and their implications for oral health.

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that results from the interaction between oral bacteria, dietary carbohydrates, and host factors. Streptococcus mutans is considered the primary pathogen responsible for the initiation of dental caries. However, recent studies have shown that other acidogenic and aciduric bacteria, such as Lactobacillus species, also play an important role in caries development. Moreover, the presence of certain commensal bacteria, such as Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus parasanguinis, has been associated with a reduced risk of caries.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of teeth. It is caused by the dysbiotic shift of the subgingival microbiome, which results in the destruction of periodontal tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola are considered the major pathogens associated with periodontitis. However, recent studies have shown that other bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia, also contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis.

Oral cancer is a heterogeneous group of malignancies that arise from the oral cavity and oropharynx. It is the eighth most common cancer worldwide, with a high mortality rate. The oral microbiome has been implicated in the development and progression of oral cancer. Certain bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, have been found to be enriched in oral cancer tissues compared to healthy tissues. Moreover, dysbiosis of the oral microbiome has been associated with a poor prognosis in oral cancer patients.

In conclusion, the oral microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health. Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome can lead to various oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontitis, and oral cancer. Therefore, understanding the complex interactions between oral bacteria, host factors, and environmental factors is fundamental for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.