学生成绩管理系统c语言

如何设计一个学生成绩管理系统的C语言程序？

一个学生成绩管理系统的C语言程序需要包含以下功能：

1. 学生信息管理：包括学生姓名、学号、班级、性别等基本信息。

2. 成绩管理：包括学生的各科成绩，如语文、数学、英语等。

3. 成绩统计：可以统计每个学生的总分、平均分、最高分、最低分等。

4. 成绩查询：可以根据学生姓名或学号查询学生的成绩。

5. 成绩修改：可以修改学生的成绩信息。

6. 成绩排序：可以按照总分或某一科目的成绩对学生进行排序。

7. 数据备份：可以将学生信息和成绩数据备份到文件中，以便下次使用。

8. 数据恢复：可以从备份文件中恢复学生信息和成绩数据。

以下是一个简单的学生成绩管理系统的C语言程序的代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_STUDENT_NUM 100
#define MAX_NAME_LEN 20

typedef struct {
char name[MAX_NAME_LEN];
int id;
char gender;
int chinese;
int math;
int english;
int total;
} Student;

Student students[MAX_STUDENT_NUM];
int student_num = 0;

void add_student() {
if (student_num >= MAX_STUDENT_NUM) {
printf("学生人数已满，无法添加新学生！\n");
return;
}
Student *s = &students[student_num++];
printf("请输入学生姓名：");
scanf("%s", s->name);
printf("请输入学生学号：");
scanf("%d", &s->id);
printf("请输入学生性别（M/F）：");
scanf(" %c", &s->gender);
printf("请输入学生语文成绩：");
scanf("%d", &s->chinese);
printf("请输入学生数学成绩：");
scanf("%d", &s->math);
printf("请输入学生英语成绩：");
scanf("%d", &s->english);
s->total = s->chinese + s->math + s->english;
printf("添加学生成功！\n");
}

void print_student(Student *s) {
printf("%-10s%-10d%-5c%-5d%-5d%-5d%-5d\n", s->name, s->id, s->gender, s->chinese, s->math, s->english, s->total);
}

void list_students() {
printf("%-10s%-10s%-5s%-5s%-5s%-5s%-5s\n", "姓名", "学号", "性别", "语文", "数学", "英语", "总分");
for (int i = 0; i < student_num; i++) {
print_student(&students[i]);
}
}

void find_student() {
char name[MAX_NAME_LEN];
printf("请输入要查询的学生姓名：");
scanf("%s", name);
for (int i = 0; i < student_num; i++) {
if (strcmp(students[i].name, name) == 0) {
print_student(&students[i]);
return;
}
}
printf("未找到该学生！\n");
}

void modify_student() {
int id;
printf("请输入要修改的学生学号：");
scanf("%d", &id);
for (int i = 0; i < student_num; i++) {
if (students[i].id == id) {
printf("请输入学生语文成绩：");
scanf("%d", &students[i].chinese);
printf("请输入学生数学成绩：");
scanf("%d", &students[i].math);
printf("请输入学生英语成绩：");
scanf("%d", &students[i].english);
students[i].total = students[i].chinese + students[i].math + students[i].english;
printf("修改学生成功！\n");
return;
}
}
printf("未找到该学生！\n");
}

void sort_students() {
int choice;
printf("请选择排序方式（1.总分 2.语文成绩 3.数学成绩 4.英语成绩）：");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1:
for (int i = 0; i < student_num - 1; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < student_num; j++) {
if (students[i].total < students[j].total) {
Student temp = students[i];
students[i] = students[j];
students[j] = temp;
}
}
}
break;
case 2:
for (int i = 0; i < student_num - 1; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < student_num; j++) {
if (students[i].chinese < students[j].chinese) {
Student temp = students[i];
students[i] = students[j];
students[j] = temp;
}
}
}
break;
case 3:
for (int i = 0; i < student_num - 1; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < student_num; j++) {
if (students[i].math < students[j].math) {
Student temp = students[i];
students[i] = students[j];
students[j] = temp;
}
}
}
break;
case 4:
for (int i = 0; i < student_num - 1; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < student_num; j++) {
if (students[i].english < students[j].english) {
Student temp = students[i];
students[i] = students[j];
students[j] = temp;
}
}
}
break;
default:
printf("无效的选择！\n");
return;
}
printf("排序完成！\n");
}

void backup_data() {
FILE *fp = fopen("data.txt", "w");
if (fp == NULL) {
printf("无法打开备份文件！\n");
return;
}
fprintf(fp, "%d\n", student_num);
for (int i = 0; i < student_num; i++) {
fprintf(fp, "%s %d %c %d %d %d %d\n", students[i].name, students[i].id, students[i].gender, students[i].chinese, students[i].math, students[i].english, students[i].total);
}
fclose(fp);
printf("备份成功！\n");
}

void restore_data() {
FILE *fp = fopen("data.txt", "r");
if (fp == NULL) {
printf("无法打开备份文件！\n");
return;
}
fscanf(fp, "%d", &student_num);
for (int i = 0; i < student_num; i++) {
Student *s = &students[i];
fscanf(fp, "%s %d %c %d %d %d %d", s->name, &s->id, &s->gender, &s->chinese, &s->math, &s->english, &s->total);
}
fclose(fp);
printf("恢复成功！\n");
}

int main() {
int choice;
while (1) {
printf("请选择操作：\n");
printf("1.添加学生\n");
printf("2.列出所有学生\n");
printf("3.查找学生\n");
printf("4.修改学生信息\n");
printf("5.排序学生\n");
printf("6.备份数据\n");
printf("7.恢复数据\n");
printf("8.退出程序\n");
printf("请选择：");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1:
add_student();
break;
case 2:
list_students();
break;
case 3:
find_student();
break;
case 4:
modify_student();
break;
case 5:
sort_students();
break;
case 6:
backup_data();
break;
case 7:
restore_data();
break;
case 8:
printf("谢谢使用！\n");
return 0;
default:
printf("无效的选择！\n");
break;
}
}
}