springboot 生成token

在Spring Boot中生成Token的一种常见方法是使用JSON Web Token（JWT）。JWT是一种轻量级的身份验证和授权协议，可以在网络应用程序中安全地传输信息。以下是在Spring Boot中使用JWT生成Token的步骤：

1. 添加依赖项：在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖项：

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>

2. 创建一个JWT工具类：创建一个名为JwtTokenUtil的工具类，用于生成和验证JWT令牌。以下是一个简单的例子：

import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.function.Function;

@Component
public class JwtTokenUtil {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -2550185165626007488L;
    public static final long JWT_TOKEN_VALIDITY = 5 * 60 * 60;

    @Value("${jwt.secret}")
    private String secret;

    // retrieve username from jwt token
    public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
        return getClaimFromToken(token, Claims::getSubject);
    }

    // retrieve expiration date from jwt token
    public Date getExpirationDateFromToken(String token) {
        return getClaimFromToken(token, Claims::getExpiration);
    }

    public <T> T getClaimFromToken(String token, Function<Claims, T> claimsResolver) {
        final Claims claims = getAllClaimsFromToken(token);
        return claimsResolver.apply(claims);
    }

    // for retrieving any information from token we will need the secret key
    private Claims getAllClaimsFromToken(String token) {
        return Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
    }

    // check if the token has expired
    private Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
        final Date expiration = getExpirationDateFromToken(token);
        return expiration.before(new Date());
    }

    // generate token for user
    public String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
        Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>();
        return doGenerateToken(claims, userDetails.getUsername());
    }

    // while creating the token -
    // 1. Define  claims of the token, like Issuer, Expiration, Subject, and the ID
    // 2. Sign the JWT using the HS512 algorithm and secret key.
    // 3. According to JWS Compact Serialization(https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-jose-json-web-signature-41#section-3.1) compaction of the JWT to a URL-safe string
    private String doGenerateToken(Map<String, Object> claims, String subject) {

        return Jwts.builder().setClaims(claims).setSubject(subject).setIssuedAt(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()))
                .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + JWT_TOKEN_VALIDITY * 1000))
                .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret).compact();
    }

    // validate token
    public Boolean validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) {
        final String username = getUsernameFromToken(token);
        return (username.equals(userDetails.getUsername()) && !isTokenExpired(token));
    }
}

3. 创建一个Authentication Controller：创建一个名为AuthenticationController的控制器，用于处理用户身份验证和生成JWT令牌。以下是一个简单的例子：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/auth")
public class AuthenticationController {

    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

    @Autowired
    private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;

    @Autowired
    private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;

    @PostMapping("/login")
    public ResponseEntity<?> createAuthenticationToken(@RequestBody AuthenticationRequest authenticationRequest) throws Exception {

        try {
            authenticationManager.authenticate(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(authenticationRequest.getUsername(), authenticationRequest.getPassword()));
        } catch (AuthenticationException e) {
            throw new Exception("Incorrect username or password", e);
        }

        final UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(authenticationRequest.getUsername());

        final String token = jwtTokenUtil.generateToken(userDetails);

        return ResponseEntity.ok(new AuthenticationResponse(token));
    }
}

4. 在application.properties中设置JWT密钥：

jwt.secret=mysecretkey

现在，您可以通过向“/auth/login”端点发出POST请求来生成JWT令牌。请求主体应该是包含用户名和密码的JSON对象。如果成功验证用户凭据，控制器将返回一个包含JWT令牌的JSON对象。您可以将此令牌包含在后续请求的Authorization标头中，以进行身份验证和授权。