数据结构:计算器软件 要求: (1)实现大数相加,相减功能 (2)能进行2,8,10,16进制数制转换 (3)能进行判断括号是否匹配、以及对表达式进行求值。用c++实现代码

下面是一个基本实现的C++代码示例，包括大数相加、相减、进制转换、括号匹配和表达式求值的功能。

#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

// 大数相加
string add(string num1, string num2) {
    int len1 = num1.length(), len2 = num2.length();
    string res;
    int carry = 0;
    for (int i = len1 - 1, j = len2 - 1; i >= 0 || j >= 0; i--, j--) {
        int n1 = i >= 0 ? num1[i] - '0' : 0;
        int n2 = j >= 0 ? num2[j] - '0' : 0;
        int sum = n1 + n2 + carry;
        carry = sum / 10;
        res = to_string(sum % 10) + res;
    }
    if (carry > 0) {
        res = to_string(carry) + res;
    }
    return res;
}

// 大数相减
string subtract(string num1, string num2) {
    int len1 = num1.length(), len2 = num2.length();
    string res;
    int borrow = 0;
    for (int i = len1 - 1, j = len2 - 1; i >= 0 || j >= 0; i--, j--) {
        int n1 = i >= 0 ? num1[i] - '0' : 0;
        int n2 = j >= 0 ? num2[j] - '0' : 0;
        int diff = n1 - n2 - borrow;
        if (diff < 0) {
            diff += 10;
            borrow = 1;
        } else {
            borrow = 0;
        }
        res = to_string(diff) + res;
    }
    while (res.length() > 1 && res[0] == '0') {
        res.erase(res.begin());
    }
    return res;
}

// 进制转换
string convert(string num, int base) {
    int n = stoi(num);
    string res;
    while (n > 0) {
        int mod = n % base;
        res = to_string(mod) + res;
        n /= base;
    }
    return res;
}

// 判断括号是否匹配
bool isMatching(string exp) {
    stack<char> s;
    for (char c : exp) {
        if (c == '(') {
            s.push(c);
        } else if (c == ')') {
            if (s.empty() || s.top() != '(') {
                return false;
            }
            s.pop();
        }
    }
    return s.empty();
}

// 计算表达式
int evaluate(string exp) {
    stack<int> s;
    vector<string> tokens;
    string num;
    for (char c : exp) {
        if (isdigit(c)) {
            num += c;
        } else {
            if (!num.empty()) {
                tokens.push_back(num);
                num = "";
            }
            if (c == '(') {
                s.push(c);
            } else if (c == ')') {
                while (s.top() != '(') {
                    tokens.push_back(string(1, s.top()));
                    s.pop();
                }
                s.pop();
            } else {
                while (!s.empty() && s.top() != '(' && ((c == '+' || c == '-') && (s.top() == '*' || s.top() == '/'))) {
                    tokens.push_back(string(1, s.top()));
                    s.pop();
                }
                s.push(c);
            }
        }
    }
    if (!num.empty()) {
        tokens.push_back(num);
    }
    while (!s.empty()) {
        tokens.push_back(string(1, s.top()));
        s.pop();
    }
    for (string token : tokens) {
        if (isdigit(token[0])) {
            s.push(stoi(token));
        } else {
            int n2 = s.top();
            s.pop();
            int n1 = s.top();
            s.pop();
            switch (token[0]) {
                case '+':
                    s.push(n1 + n2);
                    break;
                case '-':
                    s.push(n1 - n2);
                    break;
                case '*':
                    s.push(n1 * n2);
                    break;
                case '/':
                    s.push(n1 / n2);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    return s.top();
}

int main() {
    // 大数相加
    string num1 = "12345678901234567890";
    string num2 = "98765432109876543210";
    cout << "num1 + num2 = " << add(num1, num2) << endl;

    // 大数相减
    string num3 = "98765432109876543210";
    string num4 = "12345678901234567890";
    cout << "num3 - num4 = " << subtract(num3, num4) << endl;

    // 进制转换
    string num5 = "123456789";
    cout << "num5(10) to hex = " << convert(num5, 16) << endl;

    // 判断括号是否匹配
    string exp1 = "((1+2)*(3+4))";
    cout << "Expression is " << (isMatching(exp1) ? "" : "not ") << "matching" << endl;

    // 计算表达式
    string exp2 = "2+3*4-(5+6)/7";
    cout << "Expression value is " << evaluate(exp2) << endl;

    return 0;
}

这只是一个基础实现示例，实际上还有很多细节需要注意，例如错误输入的处理、负数的处理、除数为0的处理等等。