OpenGL绘制运动的正方体

要绘制运动的正方体，需要使用OpenGL中的变换操作和定时器，具体步骤如下：

1. 创建OpenGL窗口和上下文。
2. 设置透视投影矩阵和视图矩阵。
3. 创建正方体的顶点数据和索引数据，并将其上传到显存中。
4. 创建顶点着色器和片段着色器，并编译链接它们。
5. 创建一个定时器，用于控制正方体的运动。
6. 在定时器回调函数中更新正方体的位置和旋转角度。
7. 在渲染函数中，将变换矩阵传递给着色器，绘制正方体。

下面是一个示例代码，可以绘制一个运动的正方体：

#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

const GLuint WIDTH = 800, HEIGHT = 600;
GLfloat deltaTime = 0.0f;
GLfloat lastFrame = 0.0f;

GLfloat vertices[] = {
    // positions         // colors
    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,

    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,

    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,

     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,

    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,

    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f
};

GLuint VBO, VAO;

const GLchar* vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
    "layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;\n"
    "layout (location = 1) in vec3 color;\n"
    "out vec3 ourColor;\n"
    "uniform mat4 model;\n"
    "uniform mat4 view;\n"
    "uniform mat4 projection;\n"
    "void main()\n"
    "{\n"
    "   gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(position, 1.0f);\n"
    "   ourColor = color;\n"
    "}\0";
const GLchar* fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
    "in vec3 ourColor;\n"
    "out vec4 color;\n"
    "void main()\n"
    "{\n"
    "   color = vec4(ourColor, 1.0f);\n"
    "}\n\0";

void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode)
{
    if (key == GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE && action == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, GL_TRUE);
}

void do_movement()
{
    GLfloat currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
    deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
    lastFrame = currentFrame;
}

int main()
{
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GL_FALSE);

    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", nullptr, nullptr);
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

    glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
    glewInit();

    glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);

    glfwSetKeyCallback(window, key_callback);

    glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glBindVertexArray(VAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
    glBindVertexArray(0);

    GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);
    glCompileShader(vertexShader);

    GLint success;
    GLchar infoLog[512];
    glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success)
    {
        glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }

    GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);
    glCompileShader(fragmentShader);

    glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success)
    {
        glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }

    GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
    glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);

    glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success) {
        glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::LINKING_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }

    glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
    glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);

    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        glfwPollEvents();
        do_movement();

        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

        glUseProgram(shaderProgram);

        glm::mat4 model;
        model = glm::translate(model, glm::vec3(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f));
        model = glm::rotate(model, (GLfloat)glfwGetTime() * 50.0f, glm::vec3(0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f));

        glm::mat4 view;
        view = glm::translate(view, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -3.0f));

        glm::mat4 projection;
        projection = glm::perspective(45.0f, (GLfloat)WIDTH / (GLfloat)HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);

        GLint modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "model");
        GLint viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "view");
        GLint projLoc = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "projection");

        glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
        glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
        glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));

        glBindVertexArray(VAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
        glBindVertexArray(0);

        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
    }

    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

在以上代码中，我们使用了glm库来进行矩阵变换和投影，可以通过以下命令安装：

sudo apt-get install libglm-dev

运行该程序，可以看到一个运动的正方体。