利用C语言编写一个完整代码。具体要求为：从键盘任意输入一个带空格由英文字母构成的文本字符串，例如“ilikelearningdatastructurecourse”，首先根据该字符串创建Huffman树，之后进行Huffman编码，然后把该字符串的Huffman编码结果向屏幕输出。能够利用前述的Huffman编码结果对某0-1码流进行解码得到字符串，并作出详细注释

好的，下面是符合要求的完整C代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_CHAR 256

//定义Huffman树的节点结构体
struct huff_node {
    char data;
    unsigned freq;
    struct huff_node *left, *right;
};

//定义Huffman编码表的结构体
struct huff_code {
    char data;
    char *code;
};

//定义Huffman树的优先队列结构体
struct priority_queue {
    unsigned size;
    unsigned capacity;
    struct huff_node **nodes;
};

//创建Huffman树的节点
struct huff_node *create_node(char data, unsigned freq) {
    struct huff_node *node = (struct huff_node *) malloc(sizeof(struct huff_node));
    node->data = data;
    node->freq = freq;
    node->left = NULL;
    node->right = NULL;
    return node;
}

//创建Huffman树的优先队列
struct priority_queue *create_queue(unsigned capacity) {
    struct priority_queue *queue = (struct priority_queue *) malloc(sizeof(struct priority_queue));
    queue->size = 0;
    queue->capacity = capacity;
    queue->nodes = (struct huff_node **) malloc(queue->capacity * sizeof(struct huff_node *));
    return queue;
}

//交换两个节点的位置
void swap_nodes(struct huff_node **a, struct huff_node **b) {
    struct huff_node *temp = *a;
    *a = *b;
    *b = temp;
}

//调整优先队列，使得队列中的节点按频率从小到大排列
void min_heapify(struct priority_queue *queue, int index) {
    int smallest = index;
    int left = 2 * index + 1;
    int right = 2 * index + 2;

    if (left < queue->size && queue->nodes[left]->freq < queue->nodes[smallest]->freq) {
        smallest = left;
    }

    if (right < queue->size && queue->nodes[right]->freq < queue->nodes[smallest]->freq) {
        smallest = right;
    }

    if (smallest != index) {
        swap_nodes(&queue->nodes[index], &queue->nodes[smallest]);
        min_heapify(queue, smallest);
    }
}

//检查优先队列是否为空
int is_empty(struct priority_queue *queue) {
    return queue->size == 0;
}

//取出优先队列中频率最小的节点
struct huff_node *extract_min(struct priority_queue *queue) {
    struct huff_node *node = queue->nodes[0];
    queue->nodes[0] = queue->nodes[queue->size - 1];
    queue->size--;
    min_heapify(queue, 0);
    return node;
}

//插入新节点到优先队列中
void insert_node(struct priority_queue *queue, struct huff_node *node) {
    queue->size++;
    int i = queue->size - 1;
    while (i && node->freq < queue->nodes[(i - 1) / 2]->freq) {
        queue->nodes[i] = queue->nodes[(i - 1) / 2];
        i = (i - 1) / 2;
    }
    queue->nodes[i] = node;
}

//检查节点是否是叶子节点
int is_leaf(struct huff_node *node) {
    return !(node->left) && !(node->right);
}

//构建Huffman树
struct huff_node *build_tree(char *text) {
    int freq[MAX_CHAR] = {0};
    int len = strlen(text);
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        freq[(int) text[i]]++;
    }

    struct priority_queue *queue = create_queue(MAX_CHAR);
    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_CHAR; i++) {
        if (freq[i]) {
            insert_node(queue, create_node((char) i, freq[i]));
        }
    }

    while (queue->size > 1) {
        struct huff_node *left = extract_min(queue);
        struct huff_node *right = extract_min(queue);
        struct huff_node *parent = create_node('$', left->freq + right->freq);
        parent->left = left;
        parent->right = right;
        insert_node(queue, parent);
    }

    return extract_min(queue);
}

//从根节点开始，对Huffman树进行深度优先遍历，同时记录每个叶子节点的编码
void traverse_tree(struct huff_node *root, char *code, int depth, struct huff_code *codes) {
    if (root->left) {
        code[depth] = '0';
        traverse_tree(root->left, code, depth + 1, codes);
    }

    if (root->right) {
        code[depth] = '1';
        traverse_tree(root->right, code, depth + 1, codes);
    }

    if (is_leaf(root)) {
        codes[(int) root->data].data = root->data;
        codes[(int) root->data].code = (char *) malloc((depth + 1) * sizeof(char));
        strncpy(codes[(int) root->data].code, code, depth);
        codes[(int) root->data].code[depth] = '\0';
    }
}

//编码输入的字符串
char *encode_text(char *text, struct huff_code *codes) {
    int len = strlen(text);
    char *encoded = (char *) malloc((len + 1) * sizeof(char));
    encoded[0] = '\0';
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        strcat(encoded, codes[(int) text[i]].code);
    }
    return encoded;
}

//解码0-1编码流
char *decode_text(char *encoded, struct huff_node *root) {
    char *decoded = (char *) malloc((strlen(encoded) + 1) * sizeof(char));
    int i = 0, j = 0;
    while (encoded[i] != '\0') {
        struct huff_node *current = root;
        while (!is_leaf(current)) {
            if (encoded[i] == '0') {
                current = current->left;
            } else if (encoded[i] == '1') {
                current = current->right;
            }
            i++;
        }
        decoded[j++] = current->data;
    }
    decoded[j] = '\0';
    return decoded;
}

int main() {
    char text[MAX_CHAR];
    printf("请输入一个字符串：\n");
    fgets(text, MAX_CHAR, stdin);
    text[strcspn(text, "\n")] = '\0';

    struct huff_node *root = build_tree(text);
    char code[MAX_CHAR];
    struct huff_code codes[MAX_CHAR] = {0};
    traverse_tree(root, code, 0, codes);

    printf("Huffman编码结果为：\n");
    char *encoded = encode_text(text, codes);
    printf("%s\n", encoded);

    printf("解码结果为：\n");
    char *decoded = decode_text(encoded, root);
    printf("%s\n", decoded);

    return 0;
}

代码的注释比较详细，主要是分为几个部分：

1. 定义Huffman树的节点结构体、Huffman编码表的结构体和Huffman树的优先队列结构体；
2. 创建Huffman树的节点、创建Huffman树的优先队列、交换两个节点的位置、调整优先队列、检查优先队列是否为空、取出优先队列中频率最小的节点、插入新节点到优先队列中、检查节点是否是叶子节点等几个函数；
3. 构建Huffman树的函数，该函数首先统计输入字符串中每个字符出现的频率，然后将频率大于0的字符构成Huffman树的叶子节点，并插入优先队列中，最后通过不断取出队列中频率最小的两个节点，合并成一个新节点，然后插入队列中，直到队列中只剩下一个节点，该节点就是Huffman树的根节点；
4. 对Huffman树进行深度优先遍历，同时记录每个叶子节点的编码的函数；
5. 编码输入的字符串的函数，该函数根据输入的字符串和Huffman编码表，将每个字符编码成0-1编码流；
6. 解码0-1编码流的函数，该函数从Huffman树的根节点开始，对输入的0-1编码流进行遍历，直到遇到叶子节点，然后将该节点的字符加入解码结果中；
7. 主函数，该函数读入输入的字符串，然后构建Huffman树并对输入的字符串进行编码和解码，并将结果输出到屏幕上。

希望能够帮助你完成作业。