python随机出 5 道两个整数（能够随机进行加、减法、乘、除）的题，统计正确答题数和用时，（除法要求得到结果为整除数，结果四舍五入取整，输入负值不会中途退出，并加入异常处理，输入不正确的数据类型 不会导致程序中止），参考例 3.15 和例 3.18.

在Python中，你可以使用`random`模块生成题目，`time`模块计算时间，`try-except`结构进行异常处理。这里是一个示例程序，它会随机生成加减乘除的题目，用户输入答案并计分，同时处理除法的整除需求和错误输入：

import random
import time

def generate_question():
    operator = random.choice(["+", "-", "*", "/"])
    if operator == "/":
        divisor = random.randint(1, 10)  # 防止除以0
        dividend = divisor * random.choice([-1, 1])  # 确保有正负两种情况
    else:
        dividend = random.randint(-100, 100)
        divisor = 1  # 因为加减不需要特殊处理

    question = f"{dividend} {operator} ?"
    return question, dividend, operator

def calculate_answer(dividend, operator):
    if operator == "+":
        answer = sum([dividend])
    elif operator == "-":
        answer = abs(dividend)
    elif operator == "*":
        answer = dividend * 1
    else:
        # 判断是否能整除
        answer = int(dividend / divisor)
    return answer

def main():
    correct_answers = 0
    start_time = time.time()

    while True:
        try:
            question, dividend, _ = generate_question()
            print(question)
            user_input = input("请输入答案: ")
            
            # 输入检查
            if not isinstance(user_input, int):
                raise ValueError("输入的数据类型错误，请输入整数.")

            answer = calculate_answer(dividend, _)
            if user_input == str(answer):
                correct_answers += 1
                print(f"回答正确! 正确答案是{answer}.")
            else:
                print(f"回答错误! 正确答案是{answer}.")
        except ValueError as ve:
            print(ve)
        except ZeroDivisionError:
            print("除数不能为零，请重新输入.")
        except Exception as e:
            print("发生了未知错误:", e)

        # 结束条件：用户输入非数字或选择退出
        if "exit" in user_input.lower() or not user_input.isdigit():
            break

    elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
    print(f"总共答题{correct_answers}道，用时大约{elapsed_time:.2f}秒.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()