数据结构哈夫曼编码c语言

以下是C语言实现哈夫曼编码的示例代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_TREE_HT 100

// 哈夫曼树节点结构体
struct MinHeapNode {
    char data;
    unsigned freq;
    struct MinHeapNode *left, *right;
};

// 哈夫曼树结构体
struct MinHeap {
    unsigned size;
    unsigned capacity;
    struct MinHeapNode **array;
};

// 创建一个新的哈夫曼树节点
struct MinHeapNode* newNode(char data, unsigned freq) {
    struct MinHeapNode* node = (struct MinHeapNode*) malloc(sizeof(struct MinHeapNode));
    node->left = node->right = NULL;
    node->data = data;
    node->freq = freq;
    return node;
}

// 创建一个新的哈夫曼树
struct MinHeap* createMinHeap(unsigned capacity) {
    struct MinHeap* minHeap = (struct MinHeap*) malloc(sizeof(struct MinHeap));
    minHeap->size = 0;    minHeap->capacity = capacity;
    minHeap->array = (struct MinHeapNode**) malloc(minHeap->capacity * sizeof(struct MinHeapNode*));
    return minHeap;
}

// 交换两个哈夫曼树节点
void swapMinHeapNode(struct MinHeapNode** a, struct MinHeapNode** b) {
    struct MinHeapNode* t = *a;
    *a = *b;
    *b = t;
}

// 维护最小堆的性质
void minHeapify(struct MinHeap* minHeap, int idx) {
    int smallest = idx;
    int left = 2 * idx + 1;
    int right = 2 * idx + 2;
    if (left < minHeap->size && minHeap->array[left]->freq < minHeap->array[smallest]->freq)
        smallest = left;
    if (right < minHeap->size && minHeap->array[right]->freq < minHeap->array[smallest]->freq)
        smallest = right;
    if (smallest != idx) {
        swapMinHeapNode(&minHeap->array[smallest], &minHeap->array[idx]);
        minHeapify(minHeap, smallest);
    }
}

// 判断堆是否只有一个节点
int isSizeOne(struct MinHeap* minHeap) {
    return (minHeap->size == 1);
}

// 从最小堆中取出最小的节点
struct MinHeapNode* extractMin(struct MinHeap* minHeap) {
    struct MinHeapNode* temp = minHeap->array[0];
    minHeap->array[0] = minHeap->array[minHeap->size - 1];
    --minHeap->size;
    minHeapify(minHeap, 0);
    return temp;
}

// 插入一个新的节点到最小堆中
void insertMinHeap(struct MinHeap* minHeap, struct MinHeapNode* minHeapNode) {
    ++minHeap->size;
    int i = minHeap->size - 1;
    while (i && minHeapNode->freq < minHeap->array[(i - 1) / 2]->freq) {
        minHeap->array[i] = minHeap->array[(i - 1) / 2];
        i = (i - 1) / 2;
    }
    minHeap->array[i] = minHeapNode;
}

// 判断是否是叶子节点
int isLeaf(struct MinHeapNode* root) {
    return !(root->left) && !(root->right);
}

// 创建一个最小堆并构建哈夫曼树
struct MinHeap* createAndBuildMinHeap(char data[], int freq[], int size) {
    struct MinHeap* minHeap = createMinHeap(size);
    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        minHeap->array[i] = newNode(data[i], freq[i]);
    minHeap->size = size;
    for (int i = (minHeap->size - 1) / 2; i >= 0; --i)
        minHeapify(minHeap, i);
    return minHeap;
}

// 构建哈夫曼树并获取编码
void HuffmanCodes(char data[], int freq[], int size) {
    struct MinHeapNode *left, *right, *top;
    struct MinHeap* minHeap = createAndBuildMinHeap(data, freq, size);
    while (!isSizeOne(minHeap)) {
        left = extractMin(minHeap);
        right = extractMin(minHeap);
        top = newNode('$', left->freq + right->freq);
        top->left = left;
        top->right = right;
        insertMinHeap(minHeap, top);
    }
    // 打印哈夫曼编码
    printf("字符\t频率\t哈夫曼编码\n");
    printCodes(minHeap->array[0], "", "");
}

// 打印哈夫曼编码
void printCodes(struct MinHeapNode* root, char* str, char* prefix) {
    if (root) {
        if (isLeaf(root)) {
            printf("%c\t%d\t%s%s\n", root->data, root->freq, prefix, str);
        } else {
            char* leftPrefix = (char*) malloc(strlen(prefix) + 1);
            strcpy(leftPrefix, prefix);
            char* rightPrefix = (char*) malloc(strlen(prefix) + 1);
            strcpy(rightPrefix, prefix);
            strcat(leftPrefix, "0");
            strcat(rightPrefix, "1");
            printCodes(root->left, str, leftPrefix);
            printCodes(root->right, str, rightPrefix);
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    char arr[] = {'c', 's', 'e', 'a', 't'};
    int freq[] = {2, 3, 5, 7, 8};
    int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    HuffmanCodes(arr, freq, size);
    return 0;
}