ESP32 RS485风向传感器

ESP32与RS485风向传感器通信设置指南
设备准备
为了实现ESP32通过RS485接口与风向传感器之间的数据交换，需准备好如下硬件组件[^1]:

ESP32开发板一块；
风向传感器模块一件；
MAX485或类似功能的RS485转TTL电平转换器一片；
连接线若干。

接口连接说明
按照下述方式完成各部件间的电气连接:

组件
引脚
对应连接到

ESP32
GND
RS485模块GND

VCC (3.3V)
RS485模块VCC

GPIO22
DE/RE控制引脚

GPIO17
RS485模块RO（接收）

GPIO16
RS485模块DI（发送）

注意：具体GPIO编号可根据实际需求调整；确保电源电压匹配以免损坏器件。
软件编程实例
下面给出一段基于Arduino IDE环境下的C++代码片段用于配置并读取来自风向传感器的数据流：
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

#define RxDPin 17 // RX pin of the Software Serial, connected to RO on RS485 module
#define TxDPin 16 // TX pin of the Software Serial, connected to DI on RS485 module
#define ControlPin 22 // Pin used to control whether we're sending or receiving data over RS485 bus

// Create a software serial object with custom pins.
SoftwareSerial rs485(RxDPin, TxDPin);

void setup() {
pinMode(ControlPin, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(ControlPin, LOW); // Set as receiver mode initially

Serial.begin(115200); // Initialize hardware UART at baud rate matching your sensor's setting
rs485.begin(9600); // Start up our software serial port also set according to sensor specs
}

void loop() {
if(rs485.available()) { // Check if there is incoming data from the wind direction sensor via RS485 interface
String receivedData = rs485.readStringUntil('\n'); // Read until newline character

// Process the obtained string here...

Serial.println(receivedData); // Print out what was read through USB-to-computer connection for debugging purposes
}
}
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此段程序实现了基本的功能框架，即初始化串行通讯端口参数，并持续监听是否有新的测量值传入。当检测到有效输入时，则将其打印至监视窗口以便观察验证。