python文本文件霍夫曼编码

霍夫曼编码是一种无损数据压缩算法，可以将文本文件进行压缩以减小文件大小。下面是Python实现霍夫曼编码的代码：

import heapq
import os

class HuffmanCoding:
    def __init__(self, file_path):
        self.file_path = file_path
        self.heap = []
        self.codes = {}
        self.reverse_codes = {}

    class HeapNode:
        def __init__(self, char, freq):
            self.char = char
            self.freq = freq
            self.left = None
            self.right = None

        def __lt__(self, other):
            return self.freq < other.freq

        def __eq__(self, other):
            if(other == None):
                return False
            if(not isinstance(other, HeapNode)):
                return False
            return self.freq == other.freq

    def make_frequency_dict(self, text):
        frequency = {}
        for character in text:
            if not character in frequency:
                frequency[character] = 0
            frequency[character] += 1
        return frequency

    def make_heap(self, frequency):
        for key in frequency:
            node = self.HeapNode(key, frequency[key])
            heapq.heappush(self.heap, node)

    def merge_nodes(self):
        while(len(self.heap)>1):
            node1 = heapq.heappop(self.heap)
            node2 = heapq.heappop(self.heap)
            merged = self.HeapNode(None, node1.freq + node2.freq)
            merged.left = node1
            merged.right = node2
            heapq.heappush(self.heap, merged)

    def make_codes_helper(self, root, current_code):
        if(root == None):
            return
        if(root.char != None):
            self.codes[root.char] = current_code
            self.reverse_codes[current_code] = root.char
            return
        self.make_codes_helper(root.left, current_code+"0")
        self.make_codes_helper(root.right, current_code+"1")

    def make_codes(self):
        root = heapq.heappop(self.heap)
        current_code = ""
        self.make_codes_helper(root, current_code)

    def get_encoded_text(self, text):
        encoded_text = ""
        for character in text:
            encoded_text += self.codes[character]
        return encoded_text

    def pad_encoded_text(self, encoded_text):
        extra_padding = 8 - len(encoded_text) % 8
        for i in range(extra_padding):
            encoded_text += "0"
        padded_info = "{0:08b}".format(extra_padding)
        padded_encoded_text = padded_info + encoded_text
        return padded_encoded_text

    def get_byte_array(self, padded_encoded_text):
        if(len(padded_encoded_text) % 8 != 0):
            print("Encoded text not padded properly")
            exit(0)
        b = bytearray()
        for i in range(0, len(padded_encoded_text), 8):
            byte = padded_encoded_text[i:i+8]
            b.append(int(byte, 2))
        return b

    def compress(self):
        file_name, file_extension = os.path.splitext(self.file_path)
        output_path = file_name + ".bin"
        with open(self.file_path, 'r+') as file, open(output_path, 'wb') as output:
            text = file.read()
            text = text.rstrip()
            frequency = self.make_frequency_dict(text)
            self.make_heap(frequency)
            self.merge_nodes()
            self.make_codes()
            encoded_text = self.get_encoded_text(text)
            padded_encoded_text = self.pad_encoded_text(encoded_text)
            b = self.get_byte_array(padded_encoded_text)
            output.write(bytes(b))
        print("Compressed")
        return output_path

    def remove_padding(self, padded_encoded_text):
        padded_info = padded_encoded_text[:8]
        extra_padding = int(padded_info, 2)
        padded_encoded_text = padded_encoded_text[8:]
        encoded_text = padded_encoded_text[:-1*extra_padding]
        return encoded_text

    def decode_text(self, encoded_text):
        current_code = ""
        decoded_text = ""
        for bit in encoded_text:
            current_code += bit
            if(current_code in self.reverse_codes):
                character = self.reverse_codes[current_code]
                decoded_text += character
                current_code = ""
        return decoded_text

    def decompress(self, input_path):
        file_name, file_extension = os.path.splitext(self.file_path)
        output_path = file_name + "_decompressed" + ".txt"
        with open(input_path, 'rb') as file, open(output_path, 'w') as output:
            bit_string = ""
            byte = file.read(1)
            while(len(byte) > 0):
                byte = ord(byte)
                bits = bin(byte)[2:].rjust(8, '0')
                bit_string += bits
                byte = file.read(1)
            encoded_text = self.remove_padding(bit_string)
            decompressed_text = self.decode_text(encoded_text)
            output.write(decompressed_text)
        print("Decompressed")
        return output_path

使用方法：

h = HuffmanCoding("file.txt")
compressed_path = h.compress()
print(compressed_path)
decompressed_path = h.decompress(compressed_path)
print(decompressed_path)

其中，`file.txt`是要进行压缩的文本文件路径，`compress()`方法会返回压缩后的二进制文件路径，`decompress()`方法会返回解压后的文本文件路径。