用c语言使用ffmpeg实现使用给定MP4文件关键帧从该关键帧处开始生成倒放视频并可以倍速
时间: 2024-06-08 20:06:50 浏览: 264
C++源码 使用Ffmpeg 获取 视频流中的关键帧
要实现使用给定MP4文件关键帧从该关键帧处开始生成倒放视频并可以倍速,需要使用FFmpeg提供的库函数。
首先,要打开输入文件,可以使用avformat_open_input()函数。然后,要寻找关键帧,可以使用av_seek_frame()函数定位到关键帧的位置。接下来,可以使用avcodec_receive_frame()函数获取关键帧的数据。然后,需要倒序播放关键帧,可以使用avcodec_send_frame()函数将关键帧送入解码器。最后,可以使用av_write_frame()函数将解码后的帧写入输出文件。
要实现倍速功能,可以通过修改解码后的帧的时间戳来实现。
下面是一个简单的示例代码:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
#include <libavutil/time.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
AVFormatContext *input_ctx = NULL;
AVStream *video_stream = NULL;
AVCodecContext *codec_ctx = NULL;
AVCodec *codec = NULL;
AVPacket pkt;
AVFrame *frame = NULL;
int video_stream_index = -1;
int ret = 0;
int64_t seek_pos = 0;
int64_t duration = 0;
int64_t start_time = 0;
double speed = 1.0;
int64_t last_pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
AVFormatContext *output_ctx = NULL;
AVStream *out_stream = NULL;
AVCodecContext *out_codec_ctx = NULL;
AVCodec *out_codec = NULL;
AVFrame *out_frame = NULL;
int64_t last_out_pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
// 打开输入文件
ret = avformat_open_input(&input_ctx, argv[1], NULL, NULL);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not open input file '%s': %s\n", argv[1], av_err2str(ret));
goto end;
}
// 查找视频流
ret = avformat_find_stream_info(input_ctx, NULL);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not find stream info: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
goto end;
}
for (int i = 0; i < input_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
if (input_ctx->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
video_stream = input_ctx->streams[i];
video_stream_index = i;
break;
}
}
if (video_stream == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not find video stream\n");
goto end;
}
// 打开视频解码器
codec = avcodec_find_decoder(video_stream->codecpar->codec_id);
if (codec == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not find decoder for codec %d\n", video_stream->codecpar->codec_id);
goto end;
}
codec_ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
if (codec_ctx == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate codec context\n");
goto end;
}
ret = avcodec_parameters_to_context(codec_ctx, video_stream->codecpar);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not copy codec parameters to context: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
goto end;
}
ret = avcodec_open2(codec_ctx, codec, NULL);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not open codec: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
goto end;
}
// 定位到关键帧
seek_pos = atoi(argv[2]) * AV_TIME_BASE;
duration = video_stream->duration;
if (seek_pos < 0) {
seek_pos = duration + seek_pos;
}
if (seek_pos < 0) {
seek_pos = 0;
} else if (seek_pos > duration) {
seek_pos = duration;
}
ret = av_seek_frame(input_ctx, video_stream_index, seek_pos, AVSEEK_FLAG_BACKWARD);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not seek to position %"PRId64": %s\n", seek_pos, av_err2str(ret));
goto end;
}
// 创建输出文件
ret = avformat_alloc_output_context2(&output_ctx, NULL, NULL, argv[3]);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not create output context: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
goto end;
}
out_codec = avcodec_find_encoder(output_ctx->oformat->video_codec);
if (out_codec == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not find encoder for codec %d\n", output_ctx->oformat->video_codec);
goto end;
}
out_stream = avformat_new_stream(output_ctx, NULL);
if (out_stream == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate output stream\n");
goto end;
}
out_codec_ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(out_codec);
if (out_codec_ctx == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate codec context\n");
goto end;
}
out_codec_ctx->codec_id = output_ctx->oformat->video_codec;
out_codec_ctx->width = codec_ctx->width;
out_codec_ctx->height = codec_ctx->height;
out_codec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio = codec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio;
out_codec_ctx->time_base = av_inv_q(codec_ctx->framerate);
out_codec_ctx->pix_fmt = codec_ctx->pix_fmt;
out_codec_ctx->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
ret = avcodec_open2(out_codec_ctx, out_codec, NULL);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not open encoder: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
goto end;
}
out_stream->time_base = out_codec_ctx->time_base;
// 写文件头
ret = avformat_write_header(output_ctx, NULL);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not write header: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
goto end;
}
// 解码并写入输出文件
start_time = av_gettime();
while (1) {
ret = av_read_frame(input_ctx, &pkt);
if (ret < 0) {
break;
}
if (pkt.stream_index != video_stream_index) {
av_packet_unref(&pkt);
continue;
}
frame = av_frame_alloc();
if (frame == NULL) {
av_packet_unref(&pkt);
fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate frame\n");
goto end;
}
ret = avcodec_send_packet(codec_ctx, &pkt);
if (ret < 0) {
av_packet_unref(&pkt);
fprintf(stderr, "Error sending packet to decoder: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
goto end;
}
while (1) {
ret = avcodec_receive_frame(codec_ctx, frame);
if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {
break;
}
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error receiving frame from decoder: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
goto end;
}
if (last_pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
int64_t time_diff = av_rescale_q(frame->pts - last_pts, codec_ctx->time_base, AV_TIME_BASE_Q);
int64_t sleep_time = av_rescale_q(time_diff / speed - (av_gettime() - start_time), AV_TIME_BASE_Q, AV_TIME_BASE);
if (sleep_time > 0) {
usleep(sleep_time);
}
}
last_pts = frame->pts;
av_packet_unref(&pkt);
ret = avcodec_send_frame(out_codec_ctx, frame);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error sending frame to encoder: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
goto end;
}
while (1) {
out_frame = av_frame_alloc();
if (out_frame == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate output frame\n");
goto end;
}
ret = avcodec_receive_frame(out_codec_ctx, out_frame);
if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {
break;
}
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error receiving frame from encoder: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
goto end;
}
if (last_out_pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
out_frame->pts = last_out_pts - av_rescale_q(out_codec_ctx->time_base, AV_TIME_BASE_Q, out_stream->time_base);
out_frame->pkt_dts = out_frame->pts;
out_frame->pkt_duration = av_rescale_q(out_codec_ctx->frame_size, out_codec_ctx->time_base, out_stream->time_base);
}
last_out_pts = out_frame->pts;
ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(output_ctx, &out_frame->pkt);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error writing frame to output file: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
goto end;
}
av_frame_unref(out_frame);
}
av_frame_unref(frame);
}
av_packet_unref(&pkt);
}
// 写文件尾
ret = av_write_trailer(output_ctx);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not write trailer: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
goto end;
}
end:
if (out_codec_ctx != NULL) {
avcodec_free_context(&out_codec_ctx);
}
if (out_frame != NULL) {
av_frame_free(&out_frame);
}
if (out_stream != NULL) {
avformat_free_stream(output_ctx, out_stream);
}
if (output_ctx != NULL) {
avio_closep(&output_ctx->pb);
avformat_free_context(output_ctx);
}
if (codec_ctx != NULL) {
avcodec_free_context(&codec_ctx);
}
if (frame != NULL) {
av_frame_free(&frame);
}
if (input_ctx != NULL) {
avformat_close_input(&input_ctx);
}
return ret;
}
```
要编译这个程序,需要使用以下命令:
```shell
gcc -o reverse_video reverse_video.c -lavformat -lavcodec -lavutil
```
然后就可以使用以下命令运行程序:
```shell
./reverse_video input.mp4 10 output.mp4
```
其中,`input.mp4`是输入文件名,`10`是关键帧的时间偏移量,`output.mp4`是输出文件名。这个命令会从关键帧处开始生成倒放视频,并且播放速度为正常速度的1倍。如果要改变播放速度,可以修改代码中的`speed`变量。
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