stm32不用定时器轮询的方式实现长按和短按并把代码写出来加注释

在STM32中，如果不想使用定时器进行轮询，可以通过硬件触发的中断来实现按键的长按和短按。这里提供一个基础的示例，假设我们有一个按键Pin K1，我们将使用 EXTI 中断来检测按键的按下和释放状态：

#include "stm32f10x.h" // Include your STM32 HAL header

// Define the GPIO and EXTI configuration for the key
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
EXTI_HandleTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;

// Key pin configuration (replace 'GPIOA_Pin_1' with your actual pin)
#define KEY_PIN       GPIO_PIN_1
#define KEY_PORT      GPIOA

void EXTI_K1_IRQHandler(void) {
    // EXTI line detection
    if(__HAL_GPIO_EXTI_GET_IT(KEY_PORT, KEY_PIN)) {
        __HAL_GPIO_EXTI_CLEAR_IT(KEY_PORT, KEY_PIN); // Clear interrupt flag
        
        // Check key state - if it's pressed
        if(__HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(KEY_PORT, KEY_PIN)) {
            // Long press check using a flag or a variable (e.g., a counter)
            static uint8_t longPressCount = 0; // Counter to count presses
            ++longPressCount;
            
            if(longPressCount > MIN_PRESS_TIMES) { // If it's been pressed enough times
                // Handle long press here
                // ...
                longPressCount = 0; // Reset for next potential long press
            } else {
                // Short press handling
                // ...
            }
        } else {
            // Release detected, reset counter if needed
            longPressCount = 0;
        }
    }
}

int main(void) {
    // Initialize GPIO and EXTI
    GPIO_InitStructure.Pin = KEY_PIN;
    GPIO_InitStructure.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
    GPIO_InitStructure.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(KEY_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    EXTI_InitStructure.Line = KEY_PIN;
    EXTI_InitStructure.Type = EXTI_TYPE Rising; // Detect rising edge (key pressing)
    EXTI_InitStructure.Polarity = EXTI_POLARITY_RISING;
    EXTI_InitStructure.Interrupt = EXTI_INTERRUPT_ENABLE;
    HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);

    // Enable global interrupt
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(EXTI0_IRQn); // EXTI0_IRQn corresponds to GPIOA

    while (1) {
        // Your other main loop tasks
    }

    return 0;
}