使用标准库函数在STM32F407ZET6上进行ADC采集电压

在STM32F407ZET6上进行ADC采集电压，可以使用标准库函数进行操作。具体步骤如下：

1. 配置GPIO引脚为模拟输入模式，以便ADC可以读取外部电压。例如，如果要读取PA0引脚的电压，则需要将PA0配置为模拟输入模式：

GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
ADC_InitTypeDef ADC_InitStruct;
 
// Enable clock for GPIOA
RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
// Configure GPIO pin as analog input
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AN;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

2. 配置ADC相关参数，例如采样时间等。以下代码示例配置ADC1通道0的采样时间为15个时钟周期：

// Enable clock for ADC1
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_ADC1, ENABLE);
 
// Configure ADC1
ADC_InitStruct.ADC_Resolution = ADC_Resolution_12b;
ADC_InitStruct.ADC_ScanConvMode = DISABLE;
ADC_InitStruct.ADC_ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
ADC_InitStruct.ADC_ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_ExternalTrigConvEdge_None;
ADC_InitStruct.ADC_DataAlign = ADC_DataAlign_Right;
ADC_InitStruct.ADC_NbrOfConversion = 1;
ADC_Init(ADC1, &ADC_InitStruct);
 
// Configure ADC1 regular channel 0
ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC1, ADC_Channel_0, 1, ADC_SampleTime_15Cycles);

3. 启动ADC转换，并等待转换完成。以下代码示例启动ADC转换并等待转换完成：

// Start ADC conversion
ADC_SoftwareStartConv(ADC1);
 
// Wait until conversion is complete
while(!ADC_GetFlagStatus(ADC1, ADC_FLAG_EOC));
 
// Get ADC value
uint16_t adc_value = ADC_GetConversionValue(ADC1);

4. 将ADC采样值转换为电压值。根据ADC的参考电压和分辨率（例如12位），可以将ADC采样值转换为电压值。以下代码示例将ADC采样值转换为电压值：

// Convert ADC value to voltage (assuming 3.3V reference voltage)
float voltage = adc_value * (3.3 / 4095);

完整的代码示例：

#include "stm32f4xx.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_gpio.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_adc.h"
 
int main(void)
{
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
    ADC_InitTypeDef ADC_InitStruct;
 
    // Enable clock for GPIOA
    RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
    // Configure GPIO pin as analog input
    GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0;
    GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AN;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
 
    // Enable clock for ADC1
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_ADC1, ENABLE);
 
    // Configure ADC1
    ADC_InitStruct.ADC_Resolution = ADC_Resolution_12b;
    ADC_InitStruct.ADC_ScanConvMode = DISABLE;
    ADC_InitStruct.ADC_ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
    ADC_InitStruct.ADC_ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_ExternalTrigConvEdge_None;
    ADC_InitStruct.ADC_DataAlign = ADC_DataAlign_Right;
    ADC_InitStruct.ADC_NbrOfConversion = 1;
    ADC_Init(ADC1, &ADC_InitStruct);
 
    // Configure ADC1 regular channel 0
    ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC1, ADC_Channel_0, 1, ADC_SampleTime_15Cycles);
 
    while(1)
    {
        // Start ADC conversion
        ADC_SoftwareStartConv(ADC1);
 
        // Wait until conversion is complete
        while(!ADC_GetFlagStatus(ADC1, ADC_FLAG_EOC));
 
        // Get ADC value
        uint16_t adc_value = ADC_GetConversionValue(ADC1);
 
        // Convert ADC value to voltage (assuming 3.3V reference voltage)
        float voltage = adc_value * (3.3 / 4095);
    }
}