fastapi jose库
时间: 2024-09-15 07:00:26 浏览: 88
FastAPI是一个现代、快速(高性能)的Web框架,用于构建API。它基于Python 3.6+类型提示,能够自动生成交互式文档,同时也支持异步请求处理。FastAPI的一个重要特性是安全性,它提供了与Jose库的集成,可以帮助开发者在API中实现JSON Web Tokens(JWT)的生成和验证,从而确保接口的安全性。
Jose库是一个用于处理JOSE(JSON Object Signing and Encryption)标准的Python库,该标准定义了一组用于在数据结构上进行签名、验证、加密和解密操作的过程和格式。使用Jose库,开发者可以在FastAPI项目中轻松地处理这些加密和签名操作,具体包括:
1. 生成JWT令牌,这是Web应用中常用的认证方式之一。开发者可以使用Jose库中的方法创建包含用户信息和签名的JWT,然后发送给客户端。
2. 验证JWT令牌,当客户端发送请求时,会携带JWT令牌。FastAPI中的Jose库可以对这些令牌进行验证,确认其有效性,比如检查签名是否匹配、令牌是否过期等。
3. 加密和解密数据,Jose库还支持JWE(JSON Web Encryption),可以用来加密数据,确保数据在传输过程中的安全。
使用Jose库时,开发者可以通过它提供的函数和类来执行JWT的创建、解析和验证等操作,这使得在FastAPI应用中实现复杂的安全机制变得简单直接。
相关问题
fastapi实现登录功能
以下是使用FastAPI实现登录功能的基本步骤:
1. 安装FastAPI和PyJWT
```bash
pip install fastapi
pip install PyJWT
```
2. 导入必要的库
```python
from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends, HTTPException
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, OAuth2PasswordBearer
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from jose import JWTError, jwt
```
3. 创建FastAPI实例
```python
app = FastAPI()
```
4. 定义加密密码的方法
```python
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
```
5. 定义用户模型
```python
class User:
def __init__(self, username, password):
self.username = username
self.password_hash = get_password_hash(password)
```
6. 定义用户认证方法
```python
users = {
"admin": User("admin", "password")
}
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="/login")
def authenticate_user(username: str, password: str):
user = users.get(username)
if not user:
return False
if not verify_password(password, user.password_hash):
return False
return user
```
7. 定义创建JWT Token的方法
```python
SECRET_KEY = "mysecretkey"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.utcnow() + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
```
8. 定义登录路由
```python
@app.post("/login")
async def login(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()):
user = authenticate_user(form_data.username, form_data.password)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password")
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username},
expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return {"access_token": access_token, "token_type": "bearer"}
```
9. 定义需要认证的路由
```python
@app.get("/protected")
async def protected_route(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise HTTPException(status_code=401, detail="Invalid authentication credentials")
except JWTError:
raise HTTPException(status_code=401, detail="Invalid authentication credentials")
return {"message": "Hello World!"}
```
以上就是使用FastAPI实现登录功能的基本步骤。需要注意的是,此示例代码中仅用于演示用途,实际使用时需要根据具体需求进行适当修改。
fastapi写登录注册页面前后端代码
FastAPI是一个快速构建API的Python框架,其主要特点是高性能、易于使用和快速编写。在FastAPI中,可以使用Python的异步功能来提高性能,同时可以使用Pydantic来实现数据验证和文档生成。下面是FastAPI编写登录注册页面前后端代码的简要介绍。
后端代码:
首先需要安装FastAPI和uvicorn,可以使用pip进行安装:
```
pip install fastapi uvicorn
```
然后创建一个main.py文件,编写以下代码:
```python
from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from jose import JWTError, jwt
app = FastAPI()
# 设置跨域资源共享(CORS)中间件,允许前端跨域访问
app.add_middleware(
CORSMiddleware,
allow_origins=["*"],
allow_credentials=True,
allow_methods=["*"],
allow_headers=["*"],
)
# 设置加密算法
pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
# 设置JWT相关参数
SECRET_KEY = "secret"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
# 定义用户模型类
class User():
def __init__(self, username, hashed_password):
self.username = username
self.hashed_password = hashed_password
# 假设存在一个用户列表users
users = [
User(username="user1", hashed_password=pwd_context.hash("password1")),
User(username="user2", hashed_password=pwd_context.hash("password2")),
]
# 获取用户信息函数
def get_user(username: str):
for user in users:
if user.username == username:
return user
return None
# 验证密码函数
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
# 创建access_token函数
def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta = None):
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.utcnow() + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
return encoded_jwt
# 定义OAuth2密码模式对象
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="/login")
# 定义登录路由
@app.post("/login")
async def login(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()):
user = get_user(form_data.username)
if not user:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="用户名或密码错误")
if not verify_password(form_data.password, user.hashed_password):
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="用户名或密码错误")
access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
access_token = create_access_token(
data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
)
return {"access_token": access_token, "token_type": "bearer"}
# 定义获取用户信息路由
@app.get("/users/me")
async def read_users_me(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):
try:
payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
username: str = payload.get("sub")
if username is None:
raise HTTPException(status_code=401, detail="无效凭证")
except JWTError:
raise HTTPException(status_code=401, detail="无效凭证")
user = get_user(username)
if user is None:
raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="用户不存在")
return {"username": user.username}
```
前端代码:
前端代码可以使用Vue.js来实现,需要使用axios库来发送HTTP请求。首先需要安装Vue.js和axios库,可以使用npm进行安装:
```
npm install vue axios
```
然后创建一个App.vue文件,编写以下代码:
```html
<template>
<div>
<div v-if="!isLoggedIn">
<h3>登录</h3>
<form @submit.prevent="login">
<label>
用户名:
<input type="text" v-model="username">
</label>
<br>
<label>
密码:
<input type="password" v-model="password">
</label>
<br>
<button type="submit">登录</button>
</form>
<p v-if="loginError">{{ loginError }}</p>
</div>
<div v-else>
<h3>欢迎 {{ username }}</h3>
<button @click="logout">退出登录</button>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import axios from 'axios'
export default {
data () {
return {
isLoggedIn: false,
username: '',
password: '',
token: '',
loginError: ''
}
},
methods: {
async login () {
try {
const response = await axios.post('http://localhost:8000/login', {
username: this.username,
password: this.password
})
this.token = response.data.access_token
localStorage.setItem('token', this.token)
this.isLoggedIn = true
} catch (error) {
this.loginError = error.response.data.detail
}
},
logout () {
localStorage.removeItem('token')
this.isLoggedIn = false
this.username = ''
this.password = ''
this.token = ''
this.loginError = ''
},
async getUserInfo () {
try {
const response = await axios.get('http://localhost:8000/users/me', {
headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${this.token}` }
})
this.username = response.data.username
this.isLoggedIn = true
} catch (error) {
localStorage.removeItem('token')
this.isLoggedIn = false
}
}
},
created () {
const token = localStorage.getItem('token')
if (token) {
this.token = token
this.getUserInfo()
}
}
}
</script>
```
以上就是使用FastAPI和Vue.js编写登录注册页面前后端代码的简要介绍,当然实际项目中还需要考虑更多的安全问题和业务逻辑。
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