用面向对象的程序设计（C++）实现一个带界面的俄罗斯方块

以下是一个简单的带界面的俄罗斯方块的代码示例，使用C语言进行面向对象的程序设计：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <Windows.h>

#define SCREEN_WIDTH 80
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 25
#define GAME_AREA_WIDTH 10
#define GAME_AREA_HEIGHT 20
#define BLOCK_SIZE 2

//方块的类型
enum BlockType {BT_None, BT_I, BT_L, BT_J, BT_T, BT_O, BT_S, BT_Z};

//方块的形状
const int g_BlockShape[7][4][4][4] =
{
    {
        //I型方块
        {
            {0,0,0,0},
            {1,1,1,1},
            {0,0,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,0,1,0},
            {0,0,1,0},
            {0,0,1,0},
            {0,0,1,0}
        },
        {
            {0,0,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0},
            {1,1,1,1},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,1,0,0},
            {0,1,0,0},
            {0,1,0,0},
            {0,1,0,0}
        }
    },
    {
        //L型方块
        {
            {0,0,0,0},
            {1,1,1,0},
            {1,0,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {1,1,0,0},
            {0,1,0,0},
            {0,1,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,0,1,0},
            {1,1,1,0},
            {0,0,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,1,0,0},
            {0,1,0,0},
            {0,1,1,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        }
    },
    {
        //J型方块
        {
            {0,0,0,0},
            {1,1,1,0},
            {0,0,1,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,1,0,0},
            {0,1,0,0},
            {1,1,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {1,0,0,0},
            {1,1,1,0},
            {0,0,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {1,1,0,0},
            {1,0,0,0},
            {1,0,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        }
    },
    {
        //T型方块
        {
            {0,0,0,0},
            {1,1,1,0},
            {0,1,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,1,0,0},
            {1,1,0,0},
            {0,1,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,1,0,0},
            {1,1,1,0},
            {0,0,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,1,0,0},
            {0,1,1,0},
            {0,1,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        }
    },
    {
        //O型方块
        {
            {0,0,0,0},
            {1,1,0,0},
            {1,1,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,0,0,0},
            {1,1,0,0},
            {1,1,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,0,0,0},
            {1,1,0,0},
            {1,1,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,0,0,0},
            {1,1,0,0},
            {1,1,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        }
    },
    {
        //S型方块
        {
            {0,0,0,0},
            {0,1,1,0},
            {1,1,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,1,0,0},
            {0,1,1,0},
            {0,0,1,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,0,0,0},
            {0,1,1,0},
            {1,1,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,1,0,0},
            {0,1,1,0},
            {0,0,1,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        }
    },
    {
        //Z型方块
        {
            {0,0,0,0},
            {1,1,0,0},
            {0,1,1,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,0,1,0},
            {0,1,1,0},
            {0,1,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,0,0,0},
            {1,1,0,0},
            {0,1,1,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        },
        {
            {0,0,1,0},
            {0,1,1,0},
            {0,1,0,0},
            {0,0,0,0}
        }
    }
};

//方块类
class Block
{
public:
    Block();
    void Move(int x, int y);
    void Rotate();
    void Draw();
    void Clear();

    int m_X;
    int m_Y;
    int m_Type;
    int m_Rotation;
    int m_Shape[4][4];
};

//方块类的构造函数
Block::Block()
{
    //随机选择一个方块类型
    srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
    m_Type = rand() % 7;
    m_Rotation = 0;
    //初始化方块形状
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
        {
            m_Shape[i][j] = g_BlockShape[m_Type][m_Rotation][i][j];
        }
    }
    //初始化方块的位置
    m_X = (GAME_AREA_WIDTH - 4) / 2;
    m_Y = 0;
}

//方块类的移动函数
void Block::Move(int x, int y)
{
    m_X += x;
    m_Y += y;
}

//方块类的旋转函数
void Block::Rotate()
{
    m_Rotation = (m_Rotation + 1) % 4;
    //更新方块的形状
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
        {
            m_Shape[i][j] = g_BlockShape[m_Type][m_Rotation][i][j];
        }
    }
}

//方块类的绘制函数
void Block::Draw()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
        {
            if (m_Shape[i][j] == 1)
            {
                int x = m_X + j;
                int y = m_Y + i;
                //绘制方块
                for (int k = 0; k < BLOCK_SIZE; k++)
                {
                    for (int l = 0; l < BLOCK_SIZE; l++)
                    {
                        gotoxy(x * BLOCK_SIZE + k, y * BLOCK_SIZE + l);
                        printf("■");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

//方块类的清除函数
void Block::Clear()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
        {
            if (m_Shape[i][j] == 1)
            {
                int x = m_X + j;
                int y = m_Y + i;
                //清除方块
                for (int k = 0; k < BLOCK_SIZE; k++)
                {
                    for (int l = 0; l < BLOCK_SIZE; l++)
                    {
                        gotoxy(x * BLOCK_SIZE + k, y * BLOCK_SIZE + l);
                        printf("  ");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

//游戏区域类
class GameArea
{
public:
    GameArea();
    void Draw();

    int m_Area[GAME_AREA_HEIGHT][GAME_AREA_WIDTH];
};

//游戏区域类的构造函数
GameArea::GameArea()
{
    //初始化游戏区域
    for (int i = 0; i < GAME_AREA_HEIGHT; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < GAME_AREA_WIDTH; j++)
        {
            m_Area[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }
}

//游戏区域类的绘制函数
void GameArea::Draw()
{
    //绘制游戏区域的边框
    for (int i = 0; i <= GAME_AREA_HEIGHT * BLOCK_SIZE; i += BLOCK_SIZE)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j <= GAME_AREA_WIDTH * BLOCK_SIZE; j += BLOCK_SIZE)
        {
            gotoxy(j, i);
            printf("■");
        }
    }
}

//控制台界面类
class ConsoleUI
{
public:
    ConsoleUI();
    void Update();
    void ProcessInput();
    void Draw();
    void GameOver();
    void Pause();
    void gotoxy(int x, int y);

    GameArea m_GameArea;
    Block m_Block;
    int m_Score;
    bool m_GameOver;
    bool m_Pause;
};

//控制台界面类的构造函数
ConsoleUI::ConsoleUI()
{
    m_Score = 0;
    m_GameOver = false;
    m_Pause = false;
}

//控制台界面类的更新函数
void ConsoleUI::Update()
{
    //清除当前方块
    m_Block.Clear();
    //移动当前方块
    m_Block.Move(0, 1);
    //检查当前方块是否碰到边界或其他方块
    bool bCollision = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
        {
            if (m_Block.m_Shape[i][j] == 1)
            {
                int x = m_Block.m_X + j;
                int y = m_Block.m_Y + i;
                if (x < 0 || x >= GAME_AREA_WIDTH || y < 0 || y >= GAME_AREA_HEIGHT || m_GameArea.m_Area[y][x] != 0)
                {
                    bCollision = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    //如果检测到碰撞，则将当前方块加入游戏区域，并生成一个新的方块
    if (bCollision)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
            {
                if (m_Block.m_Shape[i][j] == 1)
                {
                    int x = m_Block.m_X + j;
                    int y = m_Block.m_Y + i;
                    m_GameArea.m_Area[y][x] = m_Block.m_Type + 1;
                }
            }
        }
        m_Block = Block();
        //检查是否有可以消除的行
        for (int i = GAME_AREA_HEIGHT - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            bool bFull = true;
            for (int j = 0; j < GAME_AREA_WIDTH; j++)
            {
                if (m_GameArea.m_Area[i][j] == 0)
                {
                    bFull = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (bFull)
            {
                m_Score += 10;
                for (int k = i; k > 0; k--)
                {
                    for (int j = 0; j < GAME_AREA_WIDTH; j++)
                    {
                        m_GameArea.m_Area[k][j] = m_GameArea.m_Area[k - 1][j];
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        //检查游戏是否结束
        for (int j = 0; j < GAME_AREA_WIDTH; j++)
        {
            if (m_GameArea.m_Area[0][j] != 0)
            {
                m_GameOver = true;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    //绘制游戏区域和当前方块
    m_GameArea.Draw();
    m_Block.Draw();
    //显示分数
    gotoxy(0, GAME_AREA_HEIGHT * BLOCK_SIZE + 1);
    printf("Score: %d", m_Score);
}

//控制台界面类的处理输入函数
void ConsoleUI::ProcessInput()
{
    if (_kbhit())
    {
        int c = _getch();
        switch (c)
        {
        case 'a':
            m_Block.Move(-1, 0);
            break;
        case 'd':
            m_Block.Move(1, 0);
            break;
        case 's':
            m_Block.Move(0, 1);
            break;
        case 'w':
            m_Block.Rotate();
            break;
        case 'p':
            m_Pause = !m_Pause;
            break;
        case 'q':
            m_GameOver = true;
            break;
        }
    }
}

//控制台界面类的绘制函数
void ConsoleUI::Draw()
{
    //绘制游戏结束的提示信息
    if (m_GameOver)
    {
        gotoxy((SCREEN_WIDTH - 20) / 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2);
        printf("Game Over! Score: %d", m_Score);
        return;
    }
    //绘制暂停的提示信息
    if (m_Pause)
    {
        gotoxy((SCREEN_WIDTH - 20) / 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2);
        printf("Paused. Press 'p' to resume.");
        return;
    }
}

//控制台界面类的游戏结束函数
void ConsoleUI::GameOver()
{
    m_GameOver = true;
}

//控制台界面类的暂停函数
void ConsoleUI::Pause()
{
    m_Pause = true;
}

//控制台界面类的光标移动函数
void ConsoleUI::gotoxy(int x, int y)
{
    COORD pos;
    pos.X = x;
    pos.Y = y;
    SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), pos);
}

//主函数
int main()
{
    //隐藏控制台光标
    HANDLE hOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cci;
    cci.dwSize = 1;
    cci.bVisible = FALSE;
    SetConsoleCursorInfo(hOut, &cci);

    //创建控制台界面对象
    ConsoleUI ui;

    //游戏循环
    while (!ui.m_GameOver)
    {
        //更新控制台界面
        ui.Update();
        //处理输入
        ui.ProcessInput();
        //绘制控制台界面
        ui.Draw();
        //暂停一段时间
        Sleep(100);
    }

    //显示光标
    cci.bVisible = TRUE;
    SetConsoleCursorInfo(hOut, &cci);

    return 0;
}