GridBagLayout计算器界面设计

GridBagLayout是Java Swing中的一种布局管理器，它可以用于创建复杂的用户界面。下面是一个简单的计算器界面设计示例：

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class CalculatorUI extends JFrame {
    private JPanel mainPanel;
    private JTextField displayField;

    public CalculatorUI() {
        setTitle("Calculator");
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setSize(300, 400);

        mainPanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
        add(mainPanel);

        GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
        gbc.insets = new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);
        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;

        displayField = new JTextField(15);
        displayField.setEditable(false);
        gbc.gridx = 0;
        gbc.gridy = 0;
        gbc.gridwidth = 4;
        mainPanel.add(displayField, gbc);

        JButton button7 = new JButton("7");
        gbc.gridx = 0;
        gbc.gridy = 1;
        gbc.gridwidth = 1;
        mainPanel.add(button7, gbc);

        JButton button8 = new JButton("8");
        gbc.gridx = 1;
        gbc.gridy = 1;
        mainPanel.add(button8, gbc);

        JButton button9 = new JButton("9");
        gbc.gridx = 2;
        gbc.gridy = 1;
        mainPanel.add(button9, gbc);

        JButton buttonDivide = new JButton("/");
        gbc.gridx = 3;
        gbc.gridy = 1;
        mainPanel.add(buttonDivide, gbc);

        JButton button4 = new JButton("4");
        gbc.gridx = 0;
        gbc.gridy = 2;
        mainPanel.add(button4, gbc);

        JButton button5 = new JButton("5");
        gbc.gridx = 1;
        gbc.gridy = 2;
        mainPanel.add(button5, gbc);

        JButton button6 = new JButton("6");
        gbc.gridx = 2;
        gbc.gridy = 2;
        mainPanel.add(button6, gbc);

        JButton buttonMultiply = new JButton("*");
        gbc.gridx = 3;
        gbc.gridy = 2;
        mainPanel.add(buttonMultiply, gbc);

        JButton button1 = new JButton("1");
        gbc.gridx = 0;
        gbc.gridy = 3;
        mainPanel.add(button1, gbc);

        JButton button2 = new JButton("2");
        gbc.gridx = 1;
        gbc.gridy = 3;
        mainPanel.add(button2, gbc);

        JButton button3 = new JButton("3");
        gbc.gridx = 2;
        gbc.gridy = 3;
        mainPanel.add(button3, gbc);

        JButton buttonMinus = new JButton("-");
        gbc.gridx = 3;
        gbc.gridy = 3;
        mainPanel.add(buttonMinus, gbc);

        JButton button0 = new JButton("0");
        gbc.gridx = 0;
        gbc.gridy = 4;
        gbc.gridwidth = 2;
        mainPanel.add(button0, gbc);

        JButton buttonDecimal = new JButton(".");
        gbc.gridx = 2;
        gbc.gridy = 4;
        gbc.gridwidth = 1;
        mainPanel.add(buttonDecimal, gbc);

        JButton buttonPlus = new JButton("+");
        gbc.gridx = 3;
        gbc.gridy = 4;
        mainPanel.add(buttonPlus, gbc);

        JButton buttonClear = new JButton("C");
        gbc.gridx = 0;
        gbc.gridy = 5;
        gbc.gridwidth = 2;
        mainPanel.add(buttonClear, gbc);

        JButton buttonEquals = new JButton("=");
        gbc.gridx = 2;
        gbc.gridy = 5;
        gbc.gridwidth = 2;
        mainPanel.add(buttonEquals, gbc);

        setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CalculatorUI calculator = new CalculatorUI();
    }
}

上述代码中，我们创建了一个CalculatorUI类，继承自JFrame类，并在构造函数中设置了窗口标题、关闭操作和大小。然后，我们创建了一个GridBagLayout布局管理器，并将其设置为主面板的布局管理器。

接下来，我们使用GridBagConstraints类来设置每个组件的位置和大小。例如，我们使用gbc.gridx和gbc.gridy属性来设置每个组件的行和列。我们使用gbc.gridwidth和gbc.gridheight属性来设置每个组件的宽度和高度。

最后，我们将每个组件添加到主面板中，并将窗口设置为可见。

这个示例界面只是一个简单的计算器，但是你可以根据自己的需求添加更多的组件和功能。