stm32hal库写三路串口发送和接收函数代码

以下是使用STM32 HAL库编写的三路串口发送和接收函数的参考代码。假设使用的是STM32F4xx系列的芯片，串口分别为USART1、USART2和USART3。

首先需要在CubeMX中配置串口。假设需要配置的串口参数如下：波特率为9600，无校验位，单停止位，数据位长度为8位，串口1使用PA9和PA10引脚，串口2使用PA2和PA3引脚，串口3使用PB10和PB11引脚。

在main.c文件中添加以下函数：

UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;
UART_HandleTypeDef huart2;
UART_HandleTypeDef huart3;

void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{
  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = 9600;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void)
{
  huart2.Instance = USART2;
  huart2.Init.BaudRate = 9600;
  huart2.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart2.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart2.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart2.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart2.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart2.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

void MX_USART3_UART_Init(void)
{
  huart3.Instance = USART3;
  huart3.Init.BaudRate = 9600;
  huart3.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart3.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart3.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart3.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart3.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart3.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart3) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1)
  {
    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    /**USART1 GPIO Configuration    
    PA9     ------> USART1_TX
    PA10    ------> USART1_RX 
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART1;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
  }
  else if(uartHandle->Instance==USART2)
  {
    __HAL_RCC_USART2_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    /**USART2 GPIO Configuration    
    PA2     ------> USART2_TX
    PA3     ------> USART2_RX 
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_2|GPIO_PIN_3;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART2;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
  }
  else if(uartHandle->Instance==USART3)
  {
    __HAL_RCC_USART3_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
    /**USART3 GPIO Configuration    
    PB10     ------> USART3_TX
    PB11     ------> USART3_RX 
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10|GPIO_PIN_11;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART3;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);
  }
}

/**
  * @brief  Initialises three UART devices.
  * @param  None
  * @retval None
  */
void init_uart(void)
{
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  MX_USART2_UART_Init();
  MX_USART3_UART_Init();
}

接下来是三路串口发送和接收的函数代码：

/**
  * @brief  Sends data via UART.
  * @param  uart: UART device number (1, 2 or 3).
  * @param  data: Pointer to data buffer.
  * @param  len: Length of data buffer.
  * @retval None
  */
void uart_send(uint8_t uart, uint8_t* data, uint16_t len)
{
  switch(uart)
  {
    case 1:
      HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, data, len, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
      break;
    case 2:
      HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, data, len, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
      break;
    case 3:
      HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart3, data, len, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }
}

/**
  * @brief  Receives data via UART.
  * @param  uart: UART device number (1, 2 or 3).
  * @param  data: Pointer to data buffer.
  * @param  len: Length of data buffer.
  * @retval Number of bytes received.
  */
uint16_t uart_receive(uint8_t uart, uint8_t* data, uint16_t len)
{
  uint16_t rx_len = 0;
  switch(uart)
  {
    case 1:
      rx_len = HAL_UART_Receive(&huart1, data, len, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
      break;
    case 2:
      rx_len = HAL_UART_Receive(&huart2, data, len, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
      break;
    case 3:
      rx_len = HAL_UART_Receive(&huart3, data, len, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }
  return rx_len;
}

在需要使用串口的地方，可以调用uart_send()函数发送数据，调用uart_receive()函数接收数据。需要注意的是，以上代码仅供参考，具体实现应根据实际需求进行调整。