Python用socket实现服务器和客户端的通信

在Python中，Socket库（socket模块）常用于实现网络通信，包括服务器端和客户端的连接。以下是简单概述：

**服务器端示例**:

import socket

# 创建套接字
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# 绑定地址和端口
server_address = ('localhost', 12345)
server_socket.bind(server_address)

# 开始监听连接
server_socket.listen(1)  # 监听队列长度为1的连接请求

while True:
    # 等待客户端连接
    client_connection, client_address = server_socket.accept()
    
    print(f"Accepted connection from {client_address}")

    # 接收并处理客户端数据
    data = client_connection.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
    print(f"Received message: {data}")
    
    # 发送响应给客户端
    response = "Hello from Server!"
    client_connection.sendall(response.encode('utf-8'))

    # 关闭连接
    client_connection.close()

**客户端示例**:

import socket

# 创建套接字
client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# 连接到服务器
client_address = ('localhost', 12345)
client_socket.connect(client_address)

# 发送消息到服务器
message = "Hello from Client!"
client_socket.sendall(message.encode('utf-8'))

# 接收服务器响应
response = client_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')

print(f"Response received: {response}")

# 关闭连接
client_socket.close()

在上面的例子中，服务器等待客户端连接，然后接收、处理信息并发送回应。客户端则主动连接到服务器，发送消息并接收回复。