<1>在某系的成绩登记册中，每个班最多有40个学生，每份成绩表中的成绩信息包括:学号(9位字符)，姓名(8位字符)，成绩(百分制)，备注(20位字符) 计程序以处理一个班级的成绩信息，包括输入、输出、查询(给定分数以上或以下的学生信息)、按分数排序等。用c++

在C++中设计一个用于处理班级成绩信息的程序，可以采用结构体来存储学生的详细信息，如`Student`结构：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

// 定义学生结构体
struct Student {
    std::string id;
    std::string name;
    int score;
    std::string remark;
};

// 存储班级成绩的动态数组或容器
class GradeBook {
private:
    std::vector<Student> students;
    int max_students; // 每班最大人数

public:
    GradeBook(int capacity) : max_students(capacity) {}

    // 添加学生
    void addStudent(const Student& student) {
        if (students.size() < max_students)
            students.push_back(student);
        else
            std::cout << "班级已满，无法添加更多学生。\n";
    }

    // 输入学生信息
    void inputStudent(Student& student) {
        std::cin >> student.id >> student.name >> student.score >> student.remark;
    }

    // 输出所有学生信息
    void displayStudents() const {
        for (const auto& student : students)
            std::cout << "学号：" << student.id << ", 姓名：" << student.name << ", 成绩：" << student.score << "%, 备注：" << student.remark << "\n";
    }

    // 查询指定分数范围的学生
    void searchByScore(int minScore, int maxScore) const {
        std::vector<Student> filteredStudents;
        for (const auto& student : students)
            if (minScore <= student.score && student.score <= maxScore)
                filteredStudents.push_back(student);

        if (!filteredStudents.empty())
            std::cout << "找到分数在[" << minScore << ", " << maxScore << "]之间的学生：\n";
        else
            std::cout << "没有找到符合条件的学生。\n";

        for (const auto& student : filteredStudents)
            std::cout << student.id << ", " << student.name << ", " << student.score << "%, " << student.remark << "\n";
    }

    // 按分数排序
    void sortStudentsByScore() {
        std::sort(students.begin(), students.end(), [](const Student& a, const Student& b) { return a.score > b.score; });
        std::cout << "按照分数从高到低排序的结果：\n";
        displayStudents();
    }
};

int main() {
    GradeBook gradeBook(40); // 创建一个容纳40人的年级簿
    int choice;
    while (true) {
        std::cout << "请选择操作：\n"
                  << "1. 添加学生\n"
                  << "2. 输入学生信息\n"
                  << "3. 显示所有学生\n"
                  << "4. 搜索成绩范围\n"
                  << "5. 按分数排序\n"
                  << "6. 退出\n"
                  << "> ";
        std::cin >> choice;

        switch (choice) {
            case 1:
                Student newStudent;
                gradeBook.inputStudent(newStudent);
                gradeBook.addStudent(newStudent);
                break;
            case 2:
                Student newStudent;
                gradeBook.inputStudent(newStudent);
                break;
            case 3:
                gradeBook.displayStudents();
                break;
            case 4:
                int minScore, maxScore;
                std::cout << "请输入最低分数和最高分数：";
                std::cin >> minScore >> maxScore;
                gradeBook.searchByScore(minScore, maxScore);
                break;
            case 5:
                gradeBook.sortStudentsByScore();
                break;
            case 6:
                return 0;
            default:
                std::cout << "无效选择，请重试。\n";
                break;
        }
    }
}