智能小车opencv实现避障
时间: 2023-12-30 18:23:34 浏览: 166
以下是使用OpenCV实现智能小车避障的步骤:
1. 安装OpenCV 3.0:
- 首先,确保你的树莓派已经连接到互联网。
- 打开终端,运行以下命令来安装OpenCV的依赖项:
```shell
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake pkg-config
sudo apt-get install libjpeg-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libpng12-dev
sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev
sudo apt-get install libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libgtk-3-dev
sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev gfortran
```
- 接下来,下载OpenCV 3.0的源代码并进行编译安装:
```shell
wget -O opencv.zip https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/3.0.0.zip
unzip opencv.zip
cd opencv-3.0.0
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig
```
2. 实现避障功能:
- 首先,导入必要的库和模块:
```python
import cv2
import numpy as np
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
```
- 设置GPIO引脚模式和超声波传感器:
```python
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO_TRIGGER = 11
GPIO_ECHO = 13
GPIO.setup(GPIO_TRIGGER, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(GPIO_ECHO, GPIO.IN)
```
- 定义超声波测距函数:
```python
def distance():
GPIO.output(GPIO_TRIGGER, True)
time.sleep(0.00001)
GPIO.output(GPIO_TRIGGER, False)
start_time = time.time()
stop_time = time.time()
while GPIO.input(GPIO_ECHO) == 0:
start_time = time.time()
while GPIO.input(GPIO_ECHO) == 1:
stop_time = time.time()
time_elapsed = stop_time - start_time
distance = (time_elapsed * 34300) / 2
return distance
```
- 创建摄像头对象并设置分辨率:
```python
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
cap.set(3, 320)
cap.set(4, 240)
```
- 循环读取摄像头图像并进行避障处理:
```python
while True:
ret, frame = cap.read()
gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# 在这里添加避障处理的代码
# ...
cv2.imshow('frame', frame)
if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
break
```
- 最后,释放摄像头对象和GPIO引脚,并关闭窗口:
```python
cap.release()
GPIO.cleanup()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
```
以上是使用OpenCV实现智能小车避障的基本步骤。你可以根据你的具体需求和硬件配置进行进一步的开发和优化。
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