JAVAweb利用三层结构+JDBC开发一个简单的****信息管理系统,
时间: 2024-12-11 07:12:57 浏览: 15
JAVAweb利用三层结构+JDBC开发一个简单的信息管理系统,可以按照以下步骤进行:
### 1. 三层架构介绍
三层架构是指将应用程序分为三个主要层次:表示层(UI层)、业务逻辑层(BLL层)和数据访问层(DAL层)。这种架构有助于提高代码的可维护性和可扩展性。
- **表示层(UI层)**:负责与用户交互,接收用户输入并显示处理结果。通常使用JSP、Servlet、HTML、CSS和JavaScript等技术实现。
- **业务逻辑层(BLL层)**:处理具体的业务逻辑,调用数据访问层获取或存储数据。实现业务规则和验证。
- **数据访问层(DAL层)**:负责与数据库进行交互,执行SQL语句,进行数据的增删改查操作。通常使用JDBC或ORM框架(如Hibernate)实现。
### 2. 数据库设计
首先,需要设计数据库表结构。例如,假设我们要开发一个学生信息管理系统,可以设计一个`students`表:
```sql
CREATE TABLE students (
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
age INT,
gender VARCHAR(10),
email VARCHAR(100)
);
```
### 3. 数据访问层(DAL层)实现
使用JDBC连接数据库,并编写DAO(数据访问对象)类进行CRUD操作。
```java
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class StudentDAO {
private String jdbcURL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/your_database";
private String jdbcUsername = "username";
private String jdbcPassword = "password";
private static final String INSERT_STUDENTS_SQL = "INSERT INTO students" + " (name, age, gender, email) VALUES " + " (?, ?, ?, ?);";
private static final String SELECT_STUDENT_BY_ID = "select id,name,age,gender,email from students where id =?";
private static final String SELECT_ALL_STUDENTS = "select * from students";
private static final String DELETE_STUDENTS_SQL = "delete from students where id = ?;";
private static final String UPDATE_STUDENTS_SQL = "update students set name = ?,age= ?, gender =?, email =? where id = ?;";
public StudentDAO() {}
protected Connection getConnection() {
Connection connection = null;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcURL, jdbcUsername, jdbcPassword);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return connection;
}
// 其他CRUD操作方法
}
```
### 4. 业务逻辑层(BLL层)实现
在业务逻辑层中,调用DAO类进行数据操作,并实现具体的业务逻辑。
```java
public class StudentService {
private StudentDAO studentDAO;
public StudentService() {
studentDAO = new StudentDAO();
}
public void addStudent(Student student) throws SQLException {
studentDAO.insertStudent(student);
}
public Student getStudentById(int id) throws SQLException {
return studentDAO.selectStudentById(id);
}
public List<Student> getAllStudents() throws SQLException {
return studentDAO.selectAllStudents();
}
public boolean deleteStudent(int id) throws SQLException {
return studentDAO.deleteStudent(id);
}
public boolean updateStudent(Student student) throws SQLException {
return studentDAO.updateStudent(student);
}
}
```
### 5. 表示层(UI层)实现
使用JSP和Servlet实现用户界面和交互。
```jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>学生信息管理系统</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>添加学生</h1>
<form action="AddStudentServlet" method="post">
姓名: <input type="text" name="name"><br>
年龄: <input type="number" name="age"><br>
性别: <input type="text" name="gender"><br>
邮箱: <input type="email" name="email"><br>
<input type="submit" value="添加">
</form>
</body>
</html>
```
```java
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@WebServlet("/AddStudentServlet")
public class AddStudentServlet extends HttpServlet {
private StudentService studentService;
public AddStudentServlet() {
studentService = new StudentService();
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String name = request.getParameter("name");
int age = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("age"));
String gender = request.getParameter("gender");
String email = request.getParameter("email");
Student student = new Student(name, age, gender, email);
try {
studentService.addStudent(student);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
response.sendRedirect("ListStudentsServlet");
}
}
```
### 6. 总结
通过以上步骤,我们利用三层结构+JDBC开发了一个简单的学生信息管理系统。每一层都有明确的职责和分工,使得系统更加清晰和易于维护。
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