Python 套接字编程 路由器追踪

Python套接字编程可以用于实现网络通信，包括路由器追踪。下面是一个简单的Python程序，可以使用套接字编程来实现路由器追踪：

import socket

def traceroute(hostname):
    port = 33434
    max_hops = 30
    icmp = socket.getprotobyname('icmp')
    udp = socket.getprotobyname('udp')
    ttl = 1
    while True:
        receiver_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, udp)
        sender_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, icmp)
        sender_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_IP, socket.IP_TTL, ttl)
        receiver_socket.settimeout(3)
        receiver_socket.bind(("", port))
        sender_socket.sendto(b"", (hostname, port))
        try:
            data, address = receiver_socket.recvfrom(1024)
            data = data.decode('utf-8')
            print(f"{ttl}: {address[0]}")
        except socket.error:
            print(f"{ttl}: *")
        finally:
            sender_socket.close()
            receiver_socket.close()
        ttl += 1
        if address[0] == hostname or ttl > max_hops:
            break

traceroute("www.google.com")

这个程序使用UDP协议来发送数据包，并使用ICMP协议来接收响应。它逐跳地增加TTL值，以便在每个路由器上停留一段时间，直到到达目标主机或达到最大跳数。在每个跳点，程序打印出路由器的IP地址。