python实现二叉树的算法

以下是Python实现二叉树的算法：

1.定义二叉树节点类

class TreeNode(object):
    def __init__(self, val):
        self.val = val
        self.left = None
        self.right = None

2.实现二叉树的遍历

- 前序遍历

def preorderTraversal(root):
    if not root:
        return []
    res = []
    stack = [root]
    while stack:
        node = stack.pop()
        res.append(node.val)
        if node.right:
            stack.append(node.right)
        if node.left:
            stack.append(node.left)
    return res

- 中序遍历

def inorderTraversal(root):
    if not root:
        return []
    res = []
    stack = []
    while stack or root:
        if root:
            stack.append(root)
            root = root.left
        else:
            node = stack.pop()
            res.append(node.val)
            root = node.right
    return res

- 后序遍历

def postorderTraversal(root):
    if not root:
        return []
    res = []
    stack = [root]
    while stack:
        node = stack.pop()
        res.append(node.val)
        if node.left:
            stack.append(node.left)
        if node.right:
            stack.append(node.right)
    return res[::-1]

- 层次遍历

def levelOrder(root):
    if not root:
        return []
    res = []
    queue = [root]
    while queue:
        level = []
        for i in range(len(queue)):
            node = queue.pop(0)
            level.append(node.val)
            if node.left:
                queue.append(node.left)
            if node.right:
                queue.append(node.right)
        res.append(level)
    return res