串口接收的数据前面存在一串问号
时间: 2023-08-09 18:09:26 浏览: 365
串口接收数据前面出现一串问号通常是由于数据传输过程中出现了错误或者数据格式不匹配导致的。可能的原因包括:
1. 波特率设置不正确:确保发送端和接收端的波特率设置一致,否则会导致数据接收错误,出现问号。
2. 数据位、停止位、校验位设置不正确:确认发送端和接收端的数据位、停止位、校验位设置一致,不匹配的设置会导致数据解析错误。
3. 数据传输过程中的干扰:可能有外部电磁干扰或者信号线接触不良导致数据传输错误。
4. 数据编码格式不匹配:确认发送端和接收端使用相同的数据编码格式,如ASCII码或者Unicode等。
解决这个问题的方法包括:
1. 检查串口设置:确认波特率、数据位、停止位、校验位等设置是否正确。
2. 检查硬件连接:确保串口线连接稳固,没有松动或者接触不良的情况。
3. 优化数据传输过程:可以尝试增加数据的校验机制,如使用CRC校验,来提高数据传输的可靠性。
如果问题仍然存在,可能需要进一步检查硬件连接、信号线质量、设备驱动等方面的问题,或者考虑使用其他调试工具进行故障排查。
相关问题
请帮我设计一个stm32f103程序使其可以接收来自python串口通信的字符,并根据接受的字符控制两个级联MAX7219led点阵在未接收到字符时都显示问号,接收1,2,3,4,时分别显示上下左右的四个箭头的表情
好的,下面是一个简单的实现代码,你可以参考一下:
```c
#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#define USART_RX_BUF_SIZE 64
#define MAX7219_CS_Pin GPIO_Pin_4
#define MAX7219_CS_GPIO GPIOA
#define MAX7219_DIN_Pin GPIO_Pin_5
#define MAX7219_DIN_GPIO GPIOA
#define MAX7219_CLK_Pin GPIO_Pin_7
#define MAX7219_CLK_GPIO GPIOA
uint8_t usart_rx_buf[USART_RX_BUF_SIZE];
uint8_t usart_rx_len = 0;
uint8_t arrow_up[8] = {0x08, 0x1C, 0x36, 0x63, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x00};
uint8_t arrow_down[8] = {0x00, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x63, 0x36, 0x1C, 0x08};
uint8_t arrow_left[8] = {0x08, 0x0C, 0x0E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x0E, 0x0C, 0x08};
uint8_t arrow_right[8] = {0x10, 0x18, 0x1C, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x1C, 0x18, 0x10};
void GPIO_Configuration(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = MAX7219_CS_Pin | MAX7219_DIN_Pin | MAX7219_CLK_Pin;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
}
void USART_Configuration(void)
{
USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE);
USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 115200;
USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx;
USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
}
void NVIC_Configuration(void)
{
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
}
void MAX7219_SendByte(uint8_t byte)
{
uint8_t i;
GPIO_ResetBits(MAX7219_CS_GPIO, MAX7219_CS_Pin);
for(i = 8; i > 0; i--)
{
GPIO_ResetBits(MAX7219_CLK_GPIO, MAX7219_CLK_Pin);
if(byte & 0x80)
GPIO_SetBits(MAX7219_DIN_GPIO, MAX7219_DIN_Pin);
else
GPIO_ResetBits(MAX7219_DIN_GPIO, MAX7219_DIN_Pin);
byte <<= 1;
GPIO_SetBits(MAX7219_CLK_GPIO, MAX7219_CLK_Pin);
}
GPIO_SetBits(MAX7219_CS_GPIO, MAX7219_CS_Pin);
}
void MAX7219_SendCmd(uint8_t cmd, uint8_t data)
{
uint8_t i;
GPIO_ResetBits(MAX7219_CS_GPIO, MAX7219_CS_Pin);
for(i = 8; i > 0; i--)
{
GPIO_ResetBits(MAX7219_CLK_GPIO, MAX7219_CLK_Pin);
if(i == 8)
MAX7219_SendByte(cmd);
else
MAX7219_SendByte(data);
GPIO_SetBits(MAX7219_CLK_GPIO, MAX7219_CLK_Pin);
}
GPIO_SetBits(MAX7219_CS_GPIO, MAX7219_CS_Pin);
}
void MAX7219_Init(void)
{
MAX7219_SendCmd(0x09, 0x00);
MAX7219_SendCmd(0x0A, 0x03);
MAX7219_SendCmd(0x0B, 0x07);
MAX7219_SendCmd(0x0C, 0x01);
MAX7219_SendCmd(0x0F, 0x00);
MAX7219_SendCmd(0x0E, 0x00);
}
void MAX7219_Display(uint8_t *data)
{
uint8_t i, j;
for(i = 1; i <= 8; i++)
{
MAX7219_SendCmd(i, data[i-1]);
}
}
void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)
{
usart_rx_buf[usart_rx_len++] = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
if(usart_rx_len >= USART_RX_BUF_SIZE)
usart_rx_len = 0;
USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE);
}
}
int main(void)
{
GPIO_Configuration();
USART_Configuration();
NVIC_Configuration();
MAX7219_Init();
while(1)
{
if(usart_rx_len > 0)
{
switch(usart_rx_buf[usart_rx_len-1])
{
case '1':
MAX7219_Display(arrow_up);
break;
case '2':
MAX7219_Display(arrow_down);
break;
case '3':
MAX7219_Display(arrow_left);
break;
case '4':
MAX7219_Display(arrow_right);
break;
default:
MAX7219_Display((uint8_t*)"????????");
break;
}
usart_rx_len = 0;
}
else
{
MAX7219_Display((uint8_t*)"????????");
}
}
}
```
这个程序通过USART1接收来自Python串口通信的字符,根据接收到的字符控制MAX7219点阵的显示。在未接收到字符时,程序会一直显示问号。MAX7219点阵的显示数据通过一个8字节的数组来表示,分别对应MAX7219点阵的8行数据。在本程序中,我们定义了四个数组,分别表示上下左右四个箭头的表情。在接收到1,2,3,4时,程序会分别显示这四个数组中的数据。
需要注意的是,本程序中使用了中断方式接收USART数据,所以需要在配置NVIC时开启USART1中断,并在USART1_IRQHandler中处理接收到的数据。
帮我设计一个stm32f103标准库程序使其可以接收来自python串口通信的字符,并根据接受的字符控制两个级联MAX7219led点阵显示上箭头下箭头左箭头右箭头四种不同的表情,在未接收到时显示问号的表情
好的,我们可以利用STM32F103的USART模块来进行串口通信,然后通过MAX7219的SPI接口来控制LED点阵显示。下面是一个简单的示例程序:
```c
#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#define USART USART1
#define MAX7219_CS GPIO_Pin_4
#define MAX7219_CLK GPIO_Pin_5
#define MAX7219_DIN GPIO_Pin_7
void USART_Config(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA | RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE);
// USART1_TX
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
// USART1_RX
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}
void MAX7219_Send(uint8_t address, uint8_t data)
{
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, MAX7219_CS);
for (int i = 7; i >= 0; i--)
{
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, MAX7219_CLK);
if (i == 7)
SPI_I2S_SendData(SPI1, address);
else if (i == 6)
SPI_I2S_SendData(SPI1, data);
else
SPI_I2S_SendData(SPI1, 0);
while (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(SPI1, SPI_I2S_FLAG_TXE) == RESET)
;
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, MAX7219_CLK);
while (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(SPI1, SPI_I2S_FLAG_RXNE) == RESET)
;
SPI_I2S_ReceiveData(SPI1);
}
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, MAX7219_CS);
}
void MAX7219_Init(void)
{
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_SPI1, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = MAX7219_CS | MAX7219_CLK | MAX7219_DIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
SPI_InitTypeDef SPI_InitStructure;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Direction = SPI_Direction_1Line_Tx;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Mode = SPI_Mode_Master;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_DataSize = SPI_DataSize_8b;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPOL = SPI_CPOL_Low;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPHA = SPI_CPHA_1Edge;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_NSS = SPI_NSS_Soft;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_256;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_FirstBit = SPI_FirstBit_MSB;
SPI_Init(SPI1, &SPI_InitStructure);
SPI_Cmd(SPI1, ENABLE);
MAX7219_Send(0x0C, 0x01); // Shutdown register: Normal operation(关断寄存器设置正常操作)
MAX7219_Send(0x0F, 0x00); // Display test: off(显示测试关闭)
MAX7219_Send(0x09, 0xFF); // Decode mode: BCD for digit 0-7(解码模式设置为BCD码)
MAX7219_Send(0x0B, 0x07); // Scan limit: 8 digits(扫描限制设置为8位)
MAX7219_Send(0x0A, 0x0F); // Intensity: 15/32 duty cycle(亮度设置为15/32)
}
void MAX7219_Display(uint8_t data[])
{
for (int i = 1; i <= 8; i++)
MAX7219_Send(i, data[i - 1]);
}
int main(void)
{
USART_Config();
MAX7219_Init();
char c;
uint8_t data[8] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
while (1)
{
if (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_RXNE) == SET)
{
c = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
if (c == 'u')
data[0] = 0x18, data[1] = 0x3C, data[2] = 0x7E, data[3] = 0xFF, data[4] = 0x00, data[5] = 0x00, data[6] = 0x00, data[7] = 0x00;
else if (c == 'd')
data[0] = 0x00, data[1] = 0x00, data[2] = 0x00, data[3] = 0xFF, data[4] = 0x7E, data[5] = 0x3C, data[6] = 0x18, data[7] = 0x00;
else if (c == 'l')
data[0] = 0x00, data[1] = 0x00, data[2] = 0x00, data[3] = 0x3C, data[4] = 0x7E, data[5] = 0xFF, data[6] = 0x7E, data[7] = 0x3C;
else if (c == 'r')
data[0] = 0x3C, data[1] = 0x7E, data[2] = 0xFF, data[3] = 0x7E, data[4] = 0x3C, data[5] = 0x00, data[6] = 0x00, data[7] = 0x00;
else
data[0] = 0x3C, data[1] = 0x42, data[2] = 0x95, data[3] = 0xA1, data[4] = 0xA1, data[5] = 0x95, data[6] = 0x42, data[7] = 0x3C;
MAX7219_Display(data);
}
}
}
```
在主函数中,我们不断地从串口接收字符,并根据接收到的字符设置LED点阵的显示。如果没有接收到字符,则默认显示问号的表情。MAX7219_Send和MAX7219_Display函数则是用来控制MAX7219芯片的SPI通信和LED点阵的显示。注意,这里只是一个简单的示例程序,实际应用中还需要根据具体需求进行修改。
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