STM32串口接收程序

回答：

以下是一个简单的 STM32 串口接收代码：

#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include <stdio.h>

void USART1_IRQHandler(void);
void USART1_Init(void);
void NVIC_Configuration(void);

uint8_t Rx_Buffer[128];
uint8_t Rx_Index = 0;
uint8_t Rx_Data[1];

int main(void)
{
  USART1_Init();
  while(1)
  {
  }
}

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
  if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)
  {
    USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE);
    Rx_Data[0] = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
    if(Rx_Index==0) memset(Rx_Buffer, 0x00, 128);
    Rx_Buffer[Rx_Index++] = Rx_Data[0];
    if(Rx_Data[0] == '\r') //处理结束符
    {
      printf("Received: %s", Rx_Buffer);      
      Rx_Index = 0;
    }
  }
}

void USART1_Init(void)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
  USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;

  RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA | RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);
  RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE);
  
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
  GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
   
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
  GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);

  USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 115200;
  USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
  USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
  USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
  USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
  USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
  USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);

  USART_ClearFlag(USART1, USART_FLAG_TC);
  USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);

  NVIC_Configuration();
  USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}

void NVIC_Configuration(void)
{
  NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;

#ifdef USE_NVIC_USART1_IRQ
  NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
#endif

  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0;
  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
  NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
}

此代码使用的是 USART1，同时利用 IRQ 机制实现了中断接收。在主函数的 while(1) 死循环中等待接收中断。USART1_Init() 函数是初始化所有的参数。USART1_IRQHandler() 函数中处理了接收到结束符时的操作，通过 printf() 函数输出 Rx_Buffer。