使用python中的tkinter模块写一个串口助手窗体程序，需要包括以下几个功能：1、能够自定义先择串口、波特率、数据为、校验位、停止位2、能够发送、接收数据

好的，下面是一个简单的串口助手窗体程序，基于Python的tkinter模块实现，包含了选择串口、波特率、数据位、校验位、停止位、发送数据和接收数据的功能：

import tkinter as tk
import serial

class SerialAssistant:
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.master = master
        self.master.title("串口助手")
        self.master.geometry("400x300")

        # 创建串口选择标签和下拉框
        self.serial_label = tk.Label(self.master, text="串口")
        self.serial_label.grid(row=0, column=0)
        self.serial_var = tk.StringVar()
        self.serial_var.set("COM1")
        self.serial_option = tk.OptionMenu(self.master, self.serial_var, "COM1", "COM2", "COM3", "COM4")
        self.serial_option.grid(row=0, column=1)

        # 创建波特率选择标签和下拉框
        self.baudrate_label = tk.Label(self.master, text="波特率")
        self.baudrate_label.grid(row=1, column=0)
        self.baudrate_var = tk.StringVar()
        self.baudrate_var.set("9600")
        self.baudrate_option = tk.OptionMenu(self.master, self.baudrate_var, "9600", "115200")
        self.baudrate_option.grid(row=1, column=1)

        # 创建数据位选择标签和下拉框
        self.bytesize_label = tk.Label(self.master, text="数据位")
        self.bytesize_label.grid(row=2, column=0)
        self.bytesize_var = tk.StringVar()
        self.bytesize_var.set("8")
        self.bytesize_option = tk.OptionMenu(self.master, self.bytesize_var, "5", "6", "7", "8")
        self.bytesize_option.grid(row=2, column=1)

        # 创建校验位选择标签和下拉框
        self.parity_label = tk.Label(self.master, text="校验位")
        self.parity_label.grid(row=3, column=0)
        self.parity_var = tk.StringVar()
        self.parity_var.set("N")
        self.parity_option = tk.OptionMenu(self.master, self.parity_var, "N", "E", "O")
        self.parity_option.grid(row=3, column=1)

        # 创建停止位选择标签和下拉框
        self.stopbits_label = tk.Label(self.master, text="停止位")
        self.stopbits_label.grid(row=4, column=0)
        self.stopbits_var = tk.StringVar()
        self.stopbits_var.set("1")
        self.stopbits_option = tk.OptionMenu(self.master, self.stopbits_var, "1", "1.5", "2")
        self.stopbits_option.grid(row=4, column=1)

        # 创建发送数据输入框和按钮
        self.send_label = tk.Label(self.master, text="发送数据")
        self.send_label.grid(row=5, column=0)
        self.send_entry = tk.Entry(self.master)
        self.send_entry.grid(row=5, column=1)
        self.send_button = tk.Button(self.master, text="发送", command=self.send_data)
        self.send_button.grid(row=5, column=2)

        # 创建接收数据文本框
        self.receive_label = tk.Label(self.master, text="接收数据")
        self.receive_label.grid(row=6, column=0)
        self.receive_text = tk.Text(self.master, height=10, width=30)
        self.receive_text.grid(row=6, column=1)

        # 创建打开串口按钮
        self.open_button = tk.Button(self.master, text="打开串口", command=self.open_serial)
        self.open_button.grid(row=7, column=0)

        # 创建关闭串口按钮
        self.close_button = tk.Button(self.master, text="关闭串口", command=self.close_serial, state="disabled")
        self.close_button.grid(row=7, column=1)

        # 初始化串口对象
        self.ser = None

    def open_serial(self):
        # 获取串口参数
        port = self.serial_var.get()
        baudrate = int(self.baudrate_var.get())
        bytesize = int(self.bytesize_var.get())
        parity = self.parity_var.get()
        stopbits = float(self.stopbits_var.get())

        try:
            # 创建串口对象
            self.ser = serial.Serial(port=port, baudrate=baudrate, bytesize=bytesize, parity=parity, stopbits=stopbits)
            self.ser.timeout = 0.1

            # 打开串口
            self.ser.open()

            # 设置打开串口按钮状态为disabled，关闭串口按钮状态为normal
            self.open_button.configure(state="disabled")
            self.close_button.configure(state="normal")

            # 启动接收线程
            self.receive_thread_running = True
            self.receive_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.receive_data)
            self.receive_thread.start()

        except Exception as e:
            tk.messagebox.showerror("错误", str(e))

    def close_serial(self):
        try:
            # 关闭串口
            self.ser.close()

            # 设置打开串口按钮状态为normal，关闭串口按钮状态为disabled
            self.open_button.configure(state="normal")
            self.close_button.configure(state="disabled")

            # 停止接收线程
            self.receive_thread_running = False

        except Exception as e:
            tk.messagebox.showerror("错误", str(e))

    def send_data(self):
        # 获取发送数据
        data = self.send_entry.get()

        try:
            # 发送数据
            self.ser.write(data.encode())

        except Exception as e:
            tk.messagebox.showerror("错误", str(e))

    def receive_data(self):
        while self.receive_thread_running:
            try:
                # 接收数据
                data = self.ser.read_all().decode()

                if data:
                    # 将接收到的数据显示在接收数据文本框中
                    self.receive_text.insert("end", data)
                    self.receive_text.see("end")

            except Exception as e:
                pass

if __name__ == "__main__":
    root = tk.Tk()
    app = SerialAssistant(root)
    root.mainloop()

在程序中，选择串口、波特率、数据位、校验位、停止位都是使用tkinter的OptionMenu控件实现的，发送数据和接收数据分别使用了tkinter的Entry和Text控件。打开串口和关闭串口分别使用了Python的serial模块中的Serial类的open和close方法实现，接收数据使用了Python的serial模块中的Serial类的read_all方法实现。同时，为了避免串口读取阻塞GUI线程，接收数据部分使用了一个独立的线程来完成。