Python学生通讯录管理系统案例（文件版）

下面是一个简单的 Python 学生通讯录管理系统案例（文件版）。

首先，我们需要定义一个学生类，包含学号、姓名和电话号码：

class Student:
    def __init__(self, id, name, phone):
        self.id = id
        self.name = name
        self.phone = phone

接下来，我们需要定义一个通讯录类，包含对学生信息进行增加、删除、修改和查询的方法：

import csv

class AddressBook:
    def __init__(self, filename):
        self.filename = filename
        self.students = []
        self.load()

    def add(self, student):
        self.students.append(student)

    def delete(self, id):
        for student in self.students:
            if student.id == id:
                self.students.remove(student)

    def update(self, id, name, phone):
        for student in self.students:
            if student.id == id:
                student.name = name
                student.phone = phone

    def search(self, id):
        for student in self.students:
            if student.id == id:
                return student
        return None

    def load(self):
        with open(self.filename, 'r') as file:
            reader = csv.reader(file)
            for row in reader:
                id = int(row[0])
                name = row[1]
                phone = row[2]
                student = Student(id, name, phone)
                self.add(student)

    def save(self):
        with open(self.filename, 'w', newline='') as file:
            writer = csv.writer(file)
            for student in self.students:
                writer.writerow([student.id, student.name, student.phone])

这个通讯录类使用了 CSV 文件来存储学生信息。在初始化方法中，它会从文件中读取学生信息并将其存储在内存中。在保存方法中，它会将内存中的学生信息写入文件。

接下来，我们可以编写一个控制台程序来使用这个通讯录类：

def main():
    address_book = AddressBook('students.csv')

    while True:
        print('1. Add student')
        print('2. Delete student')
        print('3. Update student')
        print('4. Search student')
        print('5. List all students')
        print('6. Save and exit')

        choice = input('Enter your choice: ')

        if choice == '1':
            id = int(input('Enter student id: '))
            name = input('Enter student name: ')
            phone = input('Enter student phone: ')
            student = Student(id, name, phone)
            address_book.add(student)

        elif choice == '2':
            id = int(input('Enter student id: '))
            address_book.delete(id)

        elif choice == '3':
            id = int(input('Enter student id: '))
            name = input('Enter student name: ')
            phone = input('Enter student phone: ')
            address_book.update(id, name, phone)

        elif choice == '4':
            id = int(input('Enter student id: '))
            student = address_book.search(id)
            if student:
                print(student.id, student.name, student.phone)
            else:
                print('Student not found')

        elif choice == '5':
            for student in address_book.students:
                print(student.id, student.name, student.phone)

        elif choice == '6':
            address_book.save()
            break

        else:
            print('Invalid choice')

这个程序使用一个循环来不断接收用户输入的命令，并根据命令调用通讯录类的相应方法。当用户选择保存并退出时，程序会将学生信息保存到文件并退出。

完整代码如下：

import csv

class Student:
    def __init__(self, id, name, phone):
        self.id = id
        self.name = name
        self.phone = phone

class AddressBook:
    def __init__(self, filename):
        self.filename = filename
        self.students = []
        self.load()

    def add(self, student):
        self.students.append(student)

    def delete(self, id):
        for student in self.students:
            if student.id == id:
                self.students.remove(student)

    def update(self, id, name, phone):
        for student in self.students:
            if student.id == id:
                student.name = name
                student.phone = phone

    def search(self, id):
        for student in self.students:
            if student.id == id:
                return student
        return None

    def load(self):
        with open(self.filename, 'r') as file:
            reader = csv.reader(file)
            for row in reader:
                id = int(row[0])
                name = row[1]
                phone = row[2]
                student = Student(id, name, phone)
                self.add(student)

    def save(self):
        with open(self.filename, 'w', newline='') as file:
            writer = csv.writer(file)
            for student in self.students:
                writer.writerow([student.id, student.name, student.phone])

def main():
    address_book = AddressBook('students.csv')

    while True:
        print('1. Add student')
        print('2. Delete student')
        print('3. Update student')
        print('4. Search student')
        print('5. List all students')
        print('6. Save and exit')

        choice = input('Enter your choice: ')

        if choice == '1':
            id = int(input('Enter student id: '))
            name = input('Enter student name: ')
            phone = input('Enter student phone: ')
            student = Student(id, name, phone)
            address_book.add(student)

        elif choice == '2':
            id = int(input('Enter student id: '))
            address_book.delete(id)

        elif choice == '3':
            id = int(input('Enter student id: '))
            name = input('Enter student name: ')
            phone = input('Enter student phone: ')
            address_book.update(id, name, phone)

        elif choice == '4':
            id = int(input('Enter student id: '))
            student = address_book.search(id)
            if student:
                print(student.id, student.name, student.phone)
            else:
                print('Student not found')

        elif choice == '5':
            for student in address_book.students:
                print(student.id, student.name, student.phone)

        elif choice == '6':
            address_book.save()
            break

        else:
            print('Invalid choice')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

在运行这个程序之前，需要先创建一个名为 `students.csv` 的文件，并将其放在程序所在的目录中。文件格式应该如下：

1,John,1234567890
2,Jane,0987654321

每一行表示一个学生的信息，用逗号分隔学号、姓名和电话号码。