单片机构建五个通道代码

单片机构建五个通道的代码，需要根据具体的单片机型号和使用的外设进行编写，以下是一个基于STM32F4系列单片机，使用DMA和ADC外设实现五个通道采集的代码示例：

#include "stm32f4xx.h"
#include <stdio.h>

#define ADC1_DR_ADDRESS ((uint32_t)0x4001204C)

__IO uint16_t ADC1ConvertedValue[5];

void ADC_Config(void)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef       GPIO_InitStructure;
  ADC_CommonInitTypeDef  ADC_CommonInitStructure;
  ADC_InitTypeDef       ADC_InitStructure;
  DMA_InitTypeDef       DMA_InitStructure;

  RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);

  /* Configure ADC Channel pins */
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0 | GPIO_Pin_1 | GPIO_Pin_2 | GPIO_Pin_3 | GPIO_Pin_4;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AN;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL ;
  GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);

  RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_ADC1, ENABLE);

  /* ADC Common Init */
  ADC_CommonInitStructure.ADC_Mode = ADC_Mode_Independent;
  ADC_CommonInitStructure.ADC_Prescaler = ADC_Prescaler_Div2;
  ADC_CommonInitStructure.ADC_DMAAccessMode = ADC_DMAAccessMode_Disabled;
  ADC_CommonInitStructure.ADC_TwoSamplingDelay = ADC_TwoSamplingDelay_5Cycles;
  ADC_CommonInit(&ADC_CommonInitStructure);

  /* ADC1 Init */
  ADC_InitStructure.ADC_Resolution = ADC_Resolution_12b;
  ADC_InitStructure.ADC_ScanConvMode = ENABLE;
  ADC_InitStructure.ADC_ContinuousConvMode = ENABLE;
  ADC_InitStructure.ADC_ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_ExternalTrigConvEdge_None;
  ADC_InitStructure.ADC_DataAlign = ADC_DataAlign_Right;
  ADC_InitStructure.ADC_NbrOfConversion = 5;
  ADC_Init(ADC1, &ADC_InitStructure);

  /* ADC1 regular channel configuration */
  ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC1, ADC_Channel_0, 1, ADC_SampleTime_3Cycles);
  ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC1, ADC_Channel_1, 2, ADC_SampleTime_3Cycles);
  ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC1, ADC_Channel_2, 3, ADC_SampleTime_3Cycles);
  ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC1, ADC_Channel_3, 4, ADC_SampleTime_3Cycles);
  ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC1, ADC_Channel_4, 5, ADC_SampleTime_3Cycles);

  /* ADC DMA Init */
  RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_DMA2, ENABLE);

  DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Channel = DMA_Channel_0;
  DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = (uint32_t)ADC1_DR_ADDRESS;
  DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Memory0BaseAddr = (uint32_t)&ADC1ConvertedValue;
  DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralToMemory;
  DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = 5;
  DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;
  DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;
  DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_HalfWord;
  DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_HalfWord;
  DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Circular;
  DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_High;
  DMA_InitStructure.DMA_FIFOMode = DMA_FIFOMode_Disable;
  DMA_InitStructure.DMA_FIFOThreshold = DMA_FIFOThreshold_HalfFull;
  DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBurst = DMA_MemoryBurst_Single;
  DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBurst = DMA_PeripheralBurst_Single;
  DMA_Init(DMA2_Stream0, &DMA_InitStructure);

  /* Enable DMA Stream Half / Transfer Complete interrupt */
  DMA_ITConfig(DMA2_Stream0, DMA_IT_TC | DMA_IT_HT, ENABLE);

  /* Enable DMA Stream */
  DMA_Cmd(DMA2_Stream0, ENABLE);

  /* Enable ADC DMA */
  ADC_DMACmd(ADC1, ENABLE);

  /* Enable ADC1 */
  ADC_Cmd(ADC1, ENABLE);
}

int main(void)
{
  ADC_Config();

  while (1)
  {
    printf("Channel 1: %d\n", ADC1ConvertedValue[0]);
    printf("Channel 2: %d\n", ADC1ConvertedValue[1]);
    printf("Channel 3: %d\n", ADC1ConvertedValue[2]);
    printf("Channel 4: %d\n", ADC1ConvertedValue[3]);
    printf("Channel 5: %d\n", ADC1ConvertedValue[4]);
  }
}

以上代码中，通过GPIO配置五个ADC通道的输入引脚，并配置ADC和DMA外设进行采集和数据传输。在主函数中，通过不断读取DMA传输的数据，可以实现对五个通道数据的采集和处理。需要注意的是，具体的代码实现可能会因为单片机型号和使用的外设而有所不同，可以根据实际情况进行调整和修改。