生成SPI驱动的SD卡的代码

以下是一个基本的SPI驱动程序，可用于SD卡的读/写：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include "driver/spi_master.h"
#include "driver/gpio.h"

// SPI总线的引脚定义
#define PIN_NUM_MISO 25  // MasterIn SlaveOut
#define PIN_NUM_MOSI 23  // MasterOut SlaveIn
#define PIN_NUM_CLK  19  // 时钟
#define PIN_NUM_CS   22  // 片选

// SD卡命令定义
#define CMD_GO_IDLE_STATE      0x00
#define CMD_SEND_OP_COND       0x01
#define CMD_SEND_IF_COND       0x08
#define CMD_SEND_CSD           0x09
#define CMD_SEND_CID           0x0A
#define CMD_STOP_TRANSMISSION  0x0C
#define CMD_SEND_STATUS        0x0D
#define CMD_SET_BLOCKLEN       0x10
#define CMD_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK  0x11
#define CMD_WRITE_BLOCK        0x18
#define CMD_APP_CMD            0x37
#define CMD_READ_OCR           0x3A

// SD卡响应标志定义
#define R1_IDLE_STATE          0x01
#define R1_ILLEGAL_COMMAND     0x04
#define R1_CRC_ERROR           0x08
#define R1_ERASE_SEQUENCE_ERROR 0x10
#define R1_ADDRESS_ERROR       0x20
#define R1_PARAMETER_ERROR     0x40

// SD卡状态标志定义
#define STATUS_READY           0x00
#define STATUS_IDLE            0x01
#define STATUS_ERASE_RESET     0x02
#define STATUS_ILLEGAL_COMMAND 0x04
#define STATUS_CRC_ERROR       0x08
#define STATUS_ERASE_SEQUENCE_ERROR 0x10
#define STATUS_ADDRESS_ERROR   0x20
#define STATUS_PARAMETER_ERROR 0x40
#define STATUS_APP_CMD         0x80

// 定义SPI总线句柄
static spi_device_handle_t spi;

// 初始化SPI总线
static void spi_init(void)
{
    esp_err_t ret;

    // 配置SPI总线参数
    spi_bus_config_t buscfg = {
        .miso_io_num = PIN_NUM_MISO,
        .mosi_io_num = PIN_NUM_MOSI,
        .sclk_io_num = PIN_NUM_CLK,
        .quadwp_io_num = -1,
        .quadhd_io_num = -1,
        .max_transfer_sz = 4096,
    };

    // 初始化SPI总线
    ret = spi_bus_initialize(VSPI_HOST, &buscfg, 1);
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(ret);

    // 配置SPI设备参数
    spi_device_interface_config_t devcfg = {
        .mode = 0, // SPI模式0
        .clock_speed_hz = 400000, // 时钟频率400kHz
        .spics_io_num = PIN_NUM_CS, // 片选引脚
        .queue_size = 1,
    };

    // 添加SPI设备
    ret = spi_bus_add_device(VSPI_HOST, &devcfg, &spi);
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(ret);
}

// 发送SD卡命令
static uint8_t sdcard_cmd(uint8_t cmd, uint32_t arg)
{
    uint8_t buf[6];
    memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));

    // 构造命令
    buf[0] = cmd | 0x40;
    buf[1] = (uint8_t)(arg >> 24);
    buf[2] = (uint8_t)(arg >> 16);
    buf[3] = (uint8_t)(arg >> 8);
    buf[4] = (uint8_t)arg;
    buf[5] = 0x95;

    // 发送命令
    spi_transaction_t t = {
        .length = 48,
        .tx_buffer = buf,
        .flags = SPI_TRANS_USE_TXDATA,
    };
    spi_device_transmit(spi, &t);

    // 接收响应
    uint8_t response;
    t.length = 8;
    t.rx_buffer = &response;
    spi_device_transmit(spi, &t);

    return response;
}

// 初始化SD卡
static bool sdcard_init(void)
{
    uint8_t response;
    uint32_t i;
    bool success = false;

    // 发送CMD0命令，使SD卡进入空闲状态
    for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
        response = sdcard_cmd(CMD_GO_IDLE_STATE, 0);
        if (response == R1_IDLE_STATE) {
            success = true;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (!success) {
        return false;
    }

    // 发送CMD8命令，检测SD卡是否支持高容量
    response = sdcard_cmd(CMD_SEND_IF_COND, 0x1AA);
    if (response != R1_IDLE_STATE) {
        return false;
    }

    // 发送ACMD41命令，激活SD卡
    for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
        response = sdcard_cmd(CMD_APP_CMD, 0);
        if (response != R1_IDLE_STATE) {
            continue;
        }
        response = sdcard_cmd(CMD_SEND_OP_COND, 0x40000000);
        if (response == R1_IDLE_STATE) {
            success = true;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (!success) {
        return false;
    }

    // 发送CMD58命令，读取SD卡OCR
    response = sdcard_cmd(CMD_READ_OCR, 0);
    if (response != R1_IDLE_STATE) {
        return false;
    }

    // SD卡初始化成功
    return true;
}

// 读取指定扇区的数据
static bool sdcard_read_block(uint32_t sector, uint8_t *buffer)
{
    uint8_t response;
    uint32_t i;

    // 发送CMD17命令，读取单个扇区
    response = sdcard_cmd(CMD_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK, sector << 9);
    if (response != R1_IDLE_STATE) {
        return false;
    }

    // 接收数据
    spi_transaction_t t = {
        .rxlength = 512*8,
        .rx_buffer = buffer,
    };
    spi_device_transmit(spi, &t);

    // 读取响应
    for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
        spi_device_transmit(spi, &t);
    }

    // 检查响应
    if ((response = sdcard_cmd(CMD_SEND_STATUS, 0)) != R1_IDLE_STATE) {
        return false;
    }
    if ((response = sdcard_cmd(CMD_STOP_TRANSMISSION, 0)) != R1_IDLE_STATE) {
        return false;
    }

    // 读取成功
    return true;
}

// 写入数据到指定扇区
static bool sdcard_write_block(uint32_t sector, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
    uint8_t response;
    uint32_t i;

    // 发送CMD24命令，写入单个扇区
    response = sdcard_cmd(CMD_WRITE_BLOCK, sector << 9);
    if (response != R1_IDLE_STATE) {
        return false;
    }

    // 发送数据
    spi_transaction_t t = {
        .length = 512*8,
        .tx_buffer = buffer,
    };
    spi_device_transmit(spi, &t);

    // 发送CRC
    uint8_t crc[2] = { 0xFF, 0xFF };
    t.length = 16;
    t.tx_buffer = crc;
    spi_device_transmit(spi, &t);

    // 读取响应
    for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
        spi_device_transmit(spi, &t);
    }

    // 检查响应
    if ((response = sdcard_cmd(CMD_SEND_STATUS, 0)) != R1_IDLE_STATE) {
        return false;
    }

    // 写入成功
    return true;
}

这只是一个基本的SPI驱动程序，需要根据实际情况进行修改和完善。具体的SD卡操作流程和命令可以参考SD卡规范。