一个学生在我这里实习，做的是c++服务端，请给个实习评价

作为一个 AI，我没有具体了解这位学生的实际表现，因此不能给出具体的实习评价。但是，一名优秀的 C 服务端实习生应该有扎实的编程基础、良好的沟通能力、熟悉常用的编程工具、熟练掌握服务器端的开发知识、对网络编程和多线程编程有丰富的实践经验、并且具备较好的自主学习和解决问题的能力。这些品质都应该被纳入实习评价的考虑之中。

相关问题

C++给我写一个服务端客户端按需发布订阅代码

以下是一个简单的 C++ 代码示例，实现基于发布订阅模式的服务端和客户端：

服务端代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <chrono>
#include <winsock2.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")

// 服务端监听的端口号
const int PORT = 8888;

// 最大连接数
const int MAX_CONN = 5;

// 服务端接收消息的缓冲区大小
const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;

// 发布-订阅模式中的“主题”
std::string topic;

// 已连接的客户端列表
std::vector<SOCKET> clients;

// 客户端消息队列
std::vector<std::string> message_queue;

// 互斥锁和条件变量，用于线程同步
std::mutex mtx;
std::condition_variable cv;

// 线程函数，用于接收客户端消息并广播给所有已连接的客户端
void broadcast_messages()
{
    while (true)
    {
        // 等待条件变量被唤醒
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
        cv.wait(lock, [] { return !message_queue.empty(); });

        // 从消息队列中取出一条消息
        std::string message = message_queue.front();
        message_queue.erase(message_queue.begin());

        // 广播消息给所有已连接的客户端
        for (auto client : clients)
        {
            send(client, message.c_str(), message.size(), 0);
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    // 初始化 Winsock 库
    WSADATA wsaData;
    int ret = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        std::cerr << "WSAStartup failed with error: " << ret << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 创建一个 TCP socket 对象
    SOCKET server_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
    if (server_socket == INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to create server socket with error: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
        WSACleanup();
        return -1;
    }

    // 绑定 IP 地址和端口号
    sockaddr_in server_addr;
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
    ret = bind(server_socket, (sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
    if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to bind server socket with error: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
        closesocket(server_socket);
        WSACleanup();
        return -1;
    }

    // 开始监听，等待客户端连接
    ret = listen(server_socket, MAX_CONN);
    if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to listen on server socket with error: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
        closesocket(server_socket);
        WSACleanup();
        return -1;
    }

    std::cout << "Server started listening on port " << PORT << std::endl;

    // 创建一个线程，用于接收客户端消息并广播给所有已连接的客户端
    std::thread broadcast_thread(broadcast_messages);

    while (true)
    {
        // 接受客户端连接请求
        sockaddr_in client_addr;
        int addr_len = sizeof(client_addr);
        SOCKET client_socket = accept(server_socket, (sockaddr*)&client_addr, &addr_len);
        if (client_socket == INVALID_SOCKET)
        {
            std::cerr << "Failed to accept client connection with error: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
            continue;
        }

        std::cout << "Accepted a client connection from " << inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr) << std::endl;

        // 服务端向客户端发送欢迎消息
        std::string welcome_message = "Welcome to the server!";
        send(client_socket, welcome_message.c_str(), welcome_message.size(), 0);

        // 将客户端加入已连接客户端列表
        clients.push_back(client_socket);

        // 循环接收客户端消息
        while (true)
        {
            // 接收客户端消息
            char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = { 0 };
            int recv_len = recv(client_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
            if (recv_len == SOCKET_ERROR)
            {
                std::cerr << "Failed to receive data from client with error: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
                break;
            }
            else if (recv_len == 0)
            {
                std::cout << "Client disconnected." << std::endl;
                break;
            }

            // 打印客户端消息
            std::cout << "Message from client: " << buffer << std::endl;

            // 将客户端消息加入消息队列
            std::string message = "[" + topic + "] " + buffer;
            message_queue.push_back(message);

            // 唤醒线程，广播消息给所有已连接的客户端
            cv.notify_all();
        }

        // 从已连接客户端列表中删除该客户端
        clients.erase(std::remove(clients.begin(), clients.end(), client_socket), clients.end());

        // 关闭客户端连接
        closesocket(client_socket);
    }

    // 关闭服务端 socket
    closesocket(server_socket);

    // 等待线程结束
    broadcast_thread.join();

    // 清理 Winsock 库
    WSACleanup();

    return 0;
}

客户端代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <chrono>
#include <winsock2.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")

// 服务端 IP 地址和端口号
const char* SERVER_IP = "127.0.0.1";
const int SERVER_PORT = 8888;

// 客户端发送消息的缓冲区大小
const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;

// 发布-订阅模式中的“主题”
std::string topic;

// 互斥锁和条件变量，用于线程同步
std::mutex mtx;
std::condition_variable cv;

// 线程函数，用于接收服务端广播的消息
void receive_messages(SOCKET client_socket)
{
    while (true)
    {
        // 接收服务端广播的消息
        char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = { 0 };
        int recv_len = recv(client_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
        if (recv_len == SOCKET_ERROR)
        {
            std::cerr << "Failed to receive data from server with error: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
            break;
        }
        else if (recv_len == 0)
        {
            std::cout << "Server disconnected." << std::endl;
            break;
        }

        // 打印收到的消息
        std::cout << "Message from server: " << buffer << std::endl;
    }
}

int main()
{
    // 初始化 Winsock 库
    WSADATA wsaData;
    int ret = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        std::cerr << "WSAStartup failed with error: " << ret << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 创建一个 TCP socket 对象
    SOCKET client_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
    if (client_socket == INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to create client socket with error: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
        WSACleanup();
        return -1;
    }

    // 连接服务端
    sockaddr_in server_addr;
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(SERVER_IP);
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);
    ret = connect(client_socket, (sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
    if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to connect to server with error: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
        closesocket(client_socket);
        WSACleanup();
        return -1;
    }

    std::cout << "Connected to server " << SERVER_IP << ":" << SERVER_PORT << std::endl;

    // 接收服务端欢迎消息
    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = { 0 };
    int recv_len = recv(client_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
    if (recv_len == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to receive data from server with error: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
        closesocket(client_socket);
        WSACleanup();
        return -1;
    }
    else if (recv_len == 0)
    {
        std::cout << "Server disconnected." << std::endl;
        closesocket(client_socket);
        WSACleanup();
        return -1;
    }

    // 打印服务端欢迎消息
    std::cout << "Message from server: " << buffer << std::endl;

    // 循环发送消息
    while (true)
    {
        // 从控制台读取用户输入的消息
        std::cout << "请输入消息：";
        std::string message;
        std::getline(std::cin, message);

        // 如果用户输入 quit，则退出循环
        if (message == "quit")
        {
            break;
        }

        // 将消息发送给服务端
        std::string full_message = "[" + topic + "] " + message;
        send(client_socket, full_message.c_str(), full_message.size(), 0);

        // 创建一个线程，用于接收服务端广播的消息
        std::thread receive_thread(receive_messages, client_socket);

        // 等待线程结束
        receive_thread.join();
    }

    // 关闭客户端 socket
    closesocket(client_socket);

    // 清理 Winsock 库
    WSACleanup();

    return 0;
}

此代码实现了一个简单的发布订阅模式，服务端接收客户端消息后会将其广播给所有已连接的客户端。如果您需要更灵活的订阅机制，可以使用一些成熟的消息队列中间件，例如 RabbitMQ 或 Apache Kafka。

给我用C++实现一个 dealer-router 模式 客户端服务端收发的demo

下面是一个使用 C++ 实现 DEALER-ROUTER 模式的 ZeroMQ 客户端和服务端收发消息的示例代码：

服务端代码：

#include <zmq.hpp>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

int main () {
    // 创建上下文和 ROUTER socket
    zmq::context_t context(1);
    zmq::socket_t router(context, ZMQ_ROUTER);
    router.bind("tcp://*:5555");

    // 循环处理消息
    while (true) {
        zmq::message_t identity;
        zmq::message_t message;
        router.recv(&identity);
        router.recv(&message);
        std::cout << "Received message from client: " << std::string(static_cast<char*>(identity.data()), identity.size()) << " " << std::string(static_cast<char*>(message.data()), message.size()) << std::endl;
        router.send(identity, ZMQ_SNDMORE);
        router.send(message, 0);
    }
    return 0;
}

客户端代码：

#include <zmq.hpp>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

int main () {
    // 创建上下文和 DEALER socket
    zmq::context_t context(1);
    zmq::socket_t dealer(context, ZMQ_DEALER);
    dealer.setsockopt(ZMQ_IDENTITY, "client", 6);
    dealer.connect("tcp://localhost:5555");

    // 发送消息
    std::string message = "Hello, world!";
    dealer.send(message.data(), message.size(), 0);

    // 接收回复
    zmq::message_t identity;
    zmq::message_t reply;
    dealer.recv(&identity);
    dealer.recv(&reply);
    std::cout << "Received reply from server: " << std::string(static_cast<char*>(reply.data()), reply.size()) << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

在这个示例中，服务端创建了一个 ROUTER socket 并绑定到本地地址，然后循环监听该 socket 上的消息。当有消息到达时，服务端将该消息的发送者标识和内容打印出来，并回复一个相同的消息给发送者。

客户端创建了一个 DEALER socket 并连接到服务端的地址，然后发送一个字符串消息到服务端。然后客户端接收回复，并打印出来。

注意，在 DEALER-ROUTER 模式下，客户端发送的消息不会直接发送给服务端，而是先发送到 DEALER socket，由 DEALER socket 转发给 ROUTER socket，然后 ROUTER socket 再将消息发送给服务端。服务端回复的消息也是先发送到 ROUTER socket，由 ROUTER socket 再转发给 DEALER socket，最终发送给客户端。